Methodology & sources

Every active-conflict figure and the formula behind the ZIP lookup, with sources.

Active-conflict figures are re-verified twice a week against primary sources; each figure shows the date it is current through, and an unchanged figure also shows when it was last re-verified.

Death counts are floors: one monitor’s documented total, plus dated, non-overlapping counts from later strikes. Deaths with no published count are named as uncounted, never estimated.

Per-capita contribution formula

The zip-code contribution figure is computed as:

per_capita_defense =
  (zip_income_tax / national_income_tax)
  × dod_budget
  / zip_population

This measures what a community pays toward defense via income taxes — not what is spent in that community. Wealthier zip codes show higher per-capita contributions because they contribute more income tax. This is intentional: it reflects actual tax burden, not geographic allocation of military spending.

Data sources: IRS Statistics of Income (zip-level income tax), Census Bureau (zip/ZCTA population), DoD budget totals (Treasury Monthly Treasury Statement outlays for the historical ZIP drill-down; the enacted appropriation, P.L. 119-75, for the live headline). The IRS releases ZIP-level data roughly three to four years late; budget figures are current-year enacted.

Other data

Opportunity-cost unit prices (what the community total could have funded), with vintage:

Teacher salary — $66,397 per year (NEA 2022-23 average)
School lunches — $874 per student per year (USDA NSLP estimate)
In-state public university tuition — $10,940 per year (College Board 2022-23)
Section 8 housing voucher — $11,088 per family per year (HUD average)
Registered nurse salary — $81,220 per year (BLS 2022 median)

Casualty data: Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS), Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC/OSD), retrieved 2026-06-30. Home of record is the state the service member listed at enlistment — not necessarily where they lived, were stationed, or were killed. Deaths count hostile + non-hostile (combat, accident, illness in theater); wounded counts hostile wounded-in-action only, so the two figures are not directly comparable.

On the gap between paying and dying: wealthier ZIP codes contribute more income tax — and therefore show a larger defense-dollar share. But casualty burden by home of record does not follow the same distribution. These figures measure two different kinds of cost: the dollar figure is what a community paid toward the military budget; the casualty figure is what its state’s service members gave.

National total (all geographies incl. territories): approx. 7,084 deaths / 50,385 wounded. Per-state figures cover only the 50 states + DC (6,967 / 49,047 in total); the remainder are not attributable to a single state.

Inflation adjustment: BLS CPI-U, 2021/2022 annual averages to May 2026.

Population: Census Population Estimates Program (PEP), Vintage 2025.

Daily-cost comparison basis: CRS RS22926, Iraq (OIF) appropriations FY2003–FY2010, converted to 2026 dollars via BLS CPI-U through May 2026. Current-war daily rates are computed as cost ÷ elapsed days through each figure’s as-of date — not days to today, since the cost range itself does not grow with the day counter. The Iraq average is a floor: the CRS total omits the FY2011–12 tail.

Ukraine is not shown: the US is not a combatant, and current US-appropriated military aid (~$400M/yr, FY2026 USAI) is under 1% of any war’s daily rate — most US weapons now flowing to Ukraine are purchased by NATO allies and Ukraine, not by US taxpayers.

US-Iran War — Operation Epic Fury

Data compiled as of October 19, 2026. Numbers change daily in active conflicts.

Conflict status & latest events

CNN— Oct 15 2026, originating report: US military plans for striking Iranian nuclear sites, Pickaxe Mountain among them, explicitly call for the GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast. Options also cover Iranian energy infrastructure. No decision taken; one source doubts the MOAB can penetrate granite.
CNBC— Oct 18 2026: Supreme National Security Council secretary Mohsen Rezaei says Iran's armed forces have prepared a response to any new 'adventurism' 'far more devastating than the 12-day and 40-day wars'. Same day: UKMTO logs three vessel attacks; parliament approves a new defence minister.
Al Jazeera— Oct 17 2026, carrying CENTCOM's Oct 15 statement: CENTCOM rejects the IRGC claim to control Hormuz, says it cleared the strait of mines and vessels are being hit by projectiles, and attributes the GFS Pride sinking to an IRGC projectile; Iran says the strait reopens if the US leaves.
ABC News— Oct 15 2026: top administration and defence officials have prepared a range of options, the MOAB among them, for Trump as he weighs further escalation against Iran. The president has not decided; advisers say privately they do not know whether the pre-midterm pause is definitive.
CNBC— Oct 16 2026: Trump says he will not use nuclear weapons against Iran and does not foresee sending US ground troops, while NOT ruling out the MOAB; on Pickaxe Mountain, 'We may have to go there ... We'll knock it out fast.'
Al Jazeera— Oct 16 2026: Trump rules out a nuclear strike on Iran; the second named outlet on the same remarks. Frames the MOAB consideration as the conventional alternative against hardened underground sites.
GlobalSecurity (locator for UN/DoD/wire material)— 'Iran War 2026 — Day 231 Update', 16 October 2026: NO US or Israeli strike on Iranian territory for Oct 15-16; CENTCOM attributes the GFS Pride sinking to an Iranian projectile; at least 10 ships struck around Hormuz since Oct 11; HRANA's compilation still stands at 3,636 deaths / 1,701 civilians.
U.S. Central Command (official X account)— Oct 17 2026, CENTCOM's own words: 'As of Oct. 17, CENTCOM forces have redirected 138 commercial vessels to ensure strict compliance', posted with imagery of the destroyer USS Rafael Peralta supporting the blockade. Post-Jul-14 series: 130 (Oct 5) -> 133 (Oct 9) -> 135 (Oct 11) -> 138 (Oct 17).
Fox News (live blog)— Oct 17 2026, named relay of the CENTCOM post: 138 commercial vessels redirected; a CENTCOM spokesman puts at ~97% the share of ships transiting Hormuz without being hit by an Iranian projectile; an Iranian army spokesman says the strait reopens 'if America leaves the region'.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Oct 13 2026: USS George H.W. Bush (CVN-77) departed Phuket and is operating in the ARABIAN SEA supporting US operations in the Middle East, alongside USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup. Boxer ARG also in the Arabian Sea.
The War Zone— Oct 17 2026: the two-carrier Middle East presence is RESTORED — the George H.W. Bush CSG left Thailand after a five-day port call and is in the US 5th Fleet area again alongside the George Washington CSG, per DVIDS imagery. Roosevelt and Chosin reached Yokosuka the morning of Oct 16.
USNI News— Oct 16 2026: USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), USS Chosin (CG-65) and USS Decatur (DDG-73) docked at Commander Fleet Activities Yokosuka ahead of exercise Keen Sword — the first non-forward-deployed carrier to visit CFAY since 2022. Resupply and maintenance first.
Stars and Stripes— Oct 15 2026: the Roosevelt's rare Yokosuka visit ahead of the US-Japan exercise Keen Sword, which a Navy release dates Oct 19-29 2026. Second named outlet placing the Roosevelt in Japan, not in or near CENTCOM.
Al Jazeera— Oct 14 2026: Iran steps up surveillance of Hormuz traffic as attacks on shipping soar and oil flows fall again.
CNBC— Oct 14 2026: the IRGC navy commander says Iran is 'counting the moments' until it can sink US warships; CENTCOM replies on X that the US and its Gulf partners control the waterway, citing over 19 million barrels of crude moved in a day. UKMTO reports a containership struck by an unknown projectile.
Al Jazeera— Oct 12 2026: Rezaei declares the US-UAE oil-shuttle transfer system in the Strait of Hormuz an explicit target and claims Iran has been striking five or six participating vessels nightly. An Iranian claim, recorded as such.
Washington Post— Oct 14 2026: ships sank in the Strait of Hormuz after Iranian attacks amid an escalation in violence in the waterway. Establishes that the war stayed kinetic at sea inside the no-strike-before-midterms window.
Seatrade Maritime News— Oct 14 2026: Singapore's Maritime and Port Authority confirmed the containership GFS Pride was damaged and caught fire after an attack on Oct 13 and subsequently sank; all 21 crew evacuated, no injuries. The IRGC Navy claimed a naval mine; MPA describes an unidentified projectile.
Axios— Trump: U.S. won't attack Iran before midterms (Oct 8 2026). Trump said on Truth Social there will be no strike before the Nov 3 vote, citing 'productive' discussions, and that the naval blockade stays in force. A pause in strikes, not a ceasefire.
CBS News— Oct 12 2026: Iran's foreign ministry says messages are still passing to Washington through mediators. Iran's seven-point proposal (lift the blockade, waive oil sanctions, ceasefire including Lebanon) has been publicly rejected by Trump; no ceasefire is in force.
RFE/RL— 'Attacks On Hormuz Shipping Hit Wartime High', Oct 13 2026: 106 IMO-confirmed incidents and 24 confirmed seafarer fatalities as of Oct 13; AFP counted 23 attacks on ships in the region since the start of October.
gCaptain— Oct 14 2026: the loss of GFS Pride is the second confirmed sinking of a large ocean-going ship in the conflict, after the Safeen Prestige. A second Singapore-registered ship, GFS Giselle, was struck Oct 14 and reached a safe anchorage under her own power.
U.S. Central Command— 'U.S. Forces Disable Cargo Vessel Attempting to Violate Blockade': CENTCOM forces disabled a commercial cargo vessel in the Gulf of Oman Oct 10 2026 after its crew ignored repeated warnings and tried to run the blockade. CENTCOM's own dating of the M/V Ocean Molica strike.
U.S. Navy— 'George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group Departs Thailand' (Oct 9 2026): on departure the group was in the U.S. 7th Fleet area. A DEPARTURE snapshot, not a standing position — by USNI's Oct 13 tracker it was back in the Arabian Sea.
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command— INDOPACOM's own release on the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group departing Thailand, Oct 9 2026. Corroborates navy.mil, C7F and DVIDS that CSG 10 is operating in 7th Fleet after six months supporting Operation Epic Fury and the blockade.
International Maritime Organization— IMO 'Middle East - Highlighted (Confirmed) incidents': 113 confirmed incidents and 24 confirmed seafarer fatalities as at 14 October 2026. The list does NOT identify who carried out the attacks; the Secretary-General notes it is not only one country attacking merchant vessels.
CNBC— Oct 9 2026: tanker attacks in the Strait of Hormuz surged to a wartime high as Iran tried to choke off oil exports — the most strikes on commercial ships since the war began in late February, per IMO data.
Middle East Eye— Oct 11 2026, citing CENTCOM: four commercial vessels disabled and 135 redirected since enforcement resumed Jul 14. The second named outlet carrying the 135 / four pair alongside Al Jazeera.
Shafaq News— CENTCOM's count at 133 commercial vessels redirected, the checkpoint between the Oct 5 release's 130 and the 135 CENTCOM gave on Oct 11. Chain source only; the displayed blockade figures come from CENTCOM's own releases and X posts.
Al Jazeera— Oct 11 2026, citing CENTCOM: a US fighter jet hit the stern of the Panama-flagged M/V Ocean Molica in the Gulf of Oman, disabling its propulsion with no injuries, after the crew ignored warnings. Four commercial vessels disabled and 135 redirected since the Jul 14 resumption.
Al Jazeera— Oct 11 2026: strikes around Hormuz pick up while mediation stalls. IRGC says a supertanker hit a mine; UKMTO reports a projectile on an outbound tanker; UAE rescued 22 crew. Araghchi says Tehran is reviewing the US reply to its Seven-Day Plan; Rezaei calls it 'insufficient'.
Washington Times— Trump rules out pre-midterm strikes on Iran, citing productive diplomacy (Oct 8 2026): one day after the Pentagon told CENTCOM to finalize strike preparations; leaves action after Nov 3 open; blockade stays in force.
The Hill— Trump says US will not launch strikes against Iran before midterms (Oct 8 2026): third named outlet on the same statement. No ceasefire, no agreement, nothing signed.
Axios— Military ordered to be ready for possible Iran strikes as Trump weighs timing (Oct 7 2026): the Pentagon told CENTCOM to conclude preparations for resuming major combat operations — energy, infrastructure and nuclear targets — with no date set and no final decision by Trump.
CNBC— Trump says he is not keen on a deal with Iran as U.S. reportedly prepares for 'massive bombing' (Oct 8 2026): relays NBC News (Oct 7) that Trump and his national security team discussed resuming large-scale operations, and carries his San Antonio rally remark.
Al Jazeera— US sets new demands for Iran deal (Oct 7 2026): Vance tells Reuters Iran must make a 'meaningful' cut to enrichment capacity, read as a softening of 'no enrichment'. Sanctions, frozen assets, the naval blockade and regional fighting remain the obstacles.
Al Jazeera— Iran says Hormuz to remain closed until US meets conditions (Oct 4 2026): parliament speaker Ghalibaf says the strait stays shut until Washington accepts Tehran's seven-day plan.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Oct 5 2026 — the most recent edition: USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup in the Arabian Sea against Iran; USS George H.W. Bush in Phuket, Thailand; Theodore Roosevelt westbound across the Pacific with CSG 9; USS Boxer in the Arabian Sea.
USNI News— Carrier USS George H.W. Bush Makes Port Call in Thailand (Oct 5 2026): the carrier arrived in Phuket after months on station in CENTCOM amid the war with Iran — it has left the Iran theater.
Task & Purpose— USS George H.W. Bush stops in Thailand after leaving the Middle East (Oct 2026): the carrier quietly left the CENTCOM area of operations, leaving the USS George Washington as the only carrier in the Middle East.
Reuters (via WHBL)— US carrier George H.W. Bush visits Thailand after Middle East deployment: arrived off Phuket with about 4,800 personnel for rest and recreation alongside the destroyer USS Delbert D. Black, after deploying to the Middle East in late March 2026.
U.S. Central Command— CENTCOM Maintains Strict Enforcement of U.S. Blockade Against Iran (Oct 5 2026): 130 commercial vessels redirected, three disabled for refusing to comply, and 13 commercial vessels destroyed over 12 weeks; Adm. Brad Cooper quoted. No crew deaths reported.
DVIDS (U.S. Central Command)— DoD DVIDS posting of CENTCOM's Oct 5 2026 blockade release — the same text as the centcom.mil release, independently confirming the 130-vessel figure.
Al Jazeera— Oman evacuates injured crew from attacked tanker (Oct 7 2026): a projectile struck the Panama-flagged On Peace on Oct 6, injuring 12 of 19 crew with NO deaths and no claim of responsibility; Marisks counted at least seven other tanker incidents that week.
Washington Post— Pentagon prepares for potential surge of naval forces in Middle East (Oct 1 2026): planning for thousands more sailors in coming weeks and possibly three carriers in the region.
CBS News (live)— Live updates, early Oct 2026: Vance appears to soften US nuclear demands; Rubio says Tehran has 'lost complete control' of the Strait of Hormuz; CBS publishes newly obtained footage of the Iranian attacks on Camp Buehring, Kuwait.
Al Jazeera— US to send third aircraft carrier towards Iran (Oct 2 2026), per a US official — inbound, not on station.
Iran International— Iran reviews US response to seven-day proposal as officials debate next steps (Oct 4 2026): Deputy FM Kazem Gharibabadi said the US had given its views, that Tehran is reviewing them and will convey its final position through the appropriate channel, and that Iran stays ready for 'other scenarios.'
The Hill— Trump rejects Iran 7-day proposal, considers renewed military strikes after midterms (Oct 1 2026): Trump said Iran wanted a deal because it was 'losing so badly' and that he is weighing renewed strikes after the November elections.
PBS NewsHour— Trump rejects Iran's proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz (Oct 1 2026): Iran offered to reopen the strait and resume nuclear talks in seven days if the US lifted the naval blockade, waived oil sanctions and observed a ceasefire; Trump rejected it.
NBC News— Trump says he has rejected Iranian proposal to reopen Strait of Hormuz (Oct 1 2026): the administration also rejects Tehran's claim it will control the strait and its demand that commercial vessels seek Iranian permission to transit.
CBS News— Trump says Iran 'ready to fold up,' after threatening post-midterm attacks (Oct 2 2026): Trump said the theocracy 'is ready to fold up' and that the US would win the seven-month war 'right after the election,' if not before.
Washington Times— Iranian leaders focus on diplomatic talks as US adds more military muscle, prepares for escalation (Oct 4 2026): corroborates the Gharibabadi review statement alongside the third-carrier buildup.
ANI— Iran reviewing US response to diplomatic proposal presented at UN: Gharibabadi (Oct 4 2026). Second named carrier of the Oct 4 review statement.
CBS News— Live updates: senior Trump administration officials met to discuss the Iran war at Camp David (Oct 3 2026) — the Friday Oct 2 meeting, plus the deployment of thousands more troops and a third carrier toward the region.
Middle East Eye— Trump's top cabinet members discuss Iran, Houthi conflict at Camp David (Oct 3 2026): relaying Axios — Vance chaired; Rubio, Hegseth, Bessent, Ratcliffe, Gen. Caine and Witkoff attended. Axios called it 'highly unusual'; Trump: 'If I told you, you would have a major story.'
Euronews— US sends third carrier strike group to Middle East in biggest buildup since 2003 (Oct 2 2026): the Theodore Roosevelt CSG plus the Makin Island amphibious group, 7,000+ sailors and 2,000 Marines.
The National— US sends third aircraft carrier to Middle East (Oct 1 2026): the rotation keeps two carrier strike groups available in the region and sustains air operations against Iran from the Arabian Sea.
The Hill— US aircraft carrier deploys to Middle East to relieve USS George Washington (Oct 2026): the Roosevelt strike group is expected to arrive in the region by the end of November — it is NOT on station now.
CNN— Saudi-led coalition pledges support for Yemeni offensive against Iran-backed Houthis (Oct 4 2026): Trump REJECTED a request by Mohammed bin Salman to strike the Houthis; 100+ US military advisers in Saudi Arabia provide targeting and geospatial intelligence support instead.
Al Jazeera— Houthis claim strike on Saudi energy facility as Yemen fighting intensifies (Oct 4 2026): Houthi spokesman Yahya Saree claimed ballistic-missile and drone strikes on Aramco sites at Riyadh and Khurais on Oct 3.
France 24— Houthis claim strike on oil facility near Riyadh, accuse Saudi forces of pounding Sanaa (Oct 3 2026): Houthi forces said Saudi Arabia carried out 106 air and missile strikes in 24 hours on Sanaa and elsewhere.
Al Jazeera— Sep 29 2026: Araghchi and his team met Qatari mediators in Doha on Tuesday evening and received the US response to Iran's seven-day proposal; Washington insists on nuclear talks.
NPR— Sep 26 2026: Trump rejects Iran's plan to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and restart talks within seven days. Resolves the latest status.
Washington Post— Sep 26 2026: the Iranian proposal, delivered through mediators, would reopen Hormuz and restart peace talks within seven days if the US releases frozen funds, lifts oil sanctions and ends the blockade.
Al Jazeera— Sep 26 2026: Iran announced the seven-day road map at the UN General Assembly on Sep 25; Trump said the deal 'would not be acceptable'.
Stars and Stripes— US, Iran hold talks but fail to make breakthrough in effort to end war (Sep 23 2026): three hours of indirect, Qatar-mediated talks in New York, the first since the June ceasefire collapse; no breakthrough, and the Iranian delegation walked out of Trump's UNGA speech.
The National— Iran 'presents US with road map for regionwide ceasefire and Hormuz reopening' (Sep 23 2026): a regionwide ceasefire of up to 60 days, phased reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and an end to the US blockade, framed as an agenda for substantive negotiations.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 21 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both operating in the Arabian Sea in support of US operations against Iran. No carrier in the Caribbean.
The Hill— Trump on Iran: 'My question is, if and when do I blow the entire nation up?' (Sep 20 2026). Trump told Fox News he is in 'deciding mode' and gave Iran three paths — a deal, 'letting them rot economically', or wiping out the regime.
USNI News— USNI News Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sept. 14 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup in the Arabian Sea supporting Operation Epic Fury, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group also in the Arabian Sea. Both carriers still on station; none in the Caribbean.
UPI— Trump reportedly says he's thinking of 'blowing up' all of Iran (Sep 20 2026) — corroborates The Hill's account of the same Sunday Fox News call, incl. 'very big things are going to be happening in the not-so-distant future'.
The Hill (AP)— US approves visas for top Iranian leaders to attend the UN high-level meeting even with the sides at war (Sep 2026): President Masoud Pezeshkian and FM Abbas Araghchi; UN high-level week runs Sep 18-28. No sign talks or a Hormuz reopening are close.
Al Jazeera— US CENTCOM tells Al Jazeera the Hormuz blockade is 'highly effective' (Sep 17 2026): two simultaneous missions — facilitating commercial traffic while enforcing the blockade — and 'more than 100 ships' redirected for trying to violate it.
Iran International— CENTCOM says 104 commercial vessels redirected under Iran blockade (Sep 17 2026), quoting CENTCOM's own statement; up from 103 on Sep 15 and 100 on Sep 12. CENTCOM released imagery of F/A-18Fs launching from USS George H.W. Bush enforcing it.
Al Jazeera— US military claims Strait of Hormuz remains open amid ongoing blockade (Sep 16 2026). Iranian authorities say the strait remains closed. Mideast crude exports in August down 39% from the Jan-Feb 18.5m bpd baseline.
Al Jazeera— Trump claims direct talks with Iran: is diplomacy picking up again? (Sep 17 2026). No confirmation from Tehran that direct talks resumed; a senior Iranian official rejected talks unless Iran's conditions are met. China and Turkey pressing proposals.
Middle East Eye (CENTCOM)— US military says 103 commercial ships redirected in Iran blockade: CENTCOM said on Sep 15 2026 that its forces have redirected 103 commercial vessels enforcing the blockade on Iranian maritime trade in the Strait of Hormuz. Basis for the raised blockade tally (100 -> 103).
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— UN Fact-Finding Mission report (Sep 17 2026): reasonable grounds to believe the US committed the war crime of indiscriminate attack; Minab primary school (Feb 28) at least 156 killed incl. ~120 children and 26 teachers. All cited incidents are inside the HRANA base period.
RFE/RL (via GlobalSecurity)— Trump Says Iran Reached Out Directly As Washington Eyes Postwar Talks (Sep 17 2026): Trump says contact was 'direct' and he hopes the war is nearing its end; Tehran has confirmed no resumed negotiations and SNSC secretary Mohsen Rezaei says no talks until Iran's conditions are met. Not a ceasefire.
AP (via WPLG Local 10)— US military says it destroyed 2 small Iranian boats trying to steal a sea drone (Sep 15 2026). Iranian state media: two fishing boats attacked, several fishermen missing. No death count published by either side -- these deaths are uncounted in the floor.
ANI— US forces redirect 103 commercial vessels amid blockade against Iran: CENTCOM (Sep 15-16 2026). Second independent retrieval for the 103 figure, three days after the 100 tally.
NPR— U.N.-backed experts cite possible U.S. war crimes in Iran, including a school attack (Sep 17 2026). Second named-outlet retrieval for the Fact-Finding Mission's report and the Minab school toll.
Al Jazeera— US strikes five Iranian oil tankers, as Iran attacks 10 ships, Jordan base (Sep 9 2026): CENTCOM destroyed five Iranian tankers (Gulf of Oman + near Kharg Island); Iran's IRGC retaliated with a missile barrage on Al-Azraq base in Jordan. Basis for the Sep 9 tanker strike + Jordan retaliation.
Al Jazeera— 'Blew the hell out of it': How Iran damaged US bases in Bahrain, Jordan (Sep 11 2026): Jordan intercepted 18 of 20 ballistic missiles at Al-Azraq, but the strikes damaged US aircraft (an A-10 lost a wing); the administration says no US personnel casualties.
GlobalSecurity (RFE/RL / CENTCOM)— CENTCOM Says US Has Diverted 94 Commercial Ships During Blockade (Sep 8 2026): mid-window checkpoint in the blockade tally (92 Sep 6 -> 94 Sep 8 -> 99 Sep 11 -> 100 Sep 12).
The War Zone (TWZ)— Where Are The American Aircraft Carriers?: September 9 2026: both the USS George Washington (escort USS Shoup) and USS George H.W. Bush (USS Princeton, USS Ross, USS Donald Cook) carrier strike groups are in the Arabian Sea. Confirms both carriers on station; the Lincoln has departed.
Air & Space Forces Magazine— US Fighters, Drones Strike 3 Iranian Oil Tankers After Iran Fires on Navy Ships (Sep 5 2026): a mix of Air Force and Navy fighters and drones carried out the tanker strikes under the new 'tanker for tanker' policy; named-attribution confirmation of the Sep 5 strikes preceding the Sep 9 wave.
NBC News— US strikes 3 Iranian oil tankers after Iran targets Navy warships (Sep 5 2026): US forces disabled the M/T Downy (off Kharg Island) and M/T Stark 1 (near Jask) and destroyed the M/T Kylo (Gulf of Oman) after IRGC missiles targeted a US carrier and destroyer that evaded, no personnel harmed.
Washington Post— US says it hit 3 Iranian oil tankers, including one near Kharg Island (Sep 5 2026): CENTCOM says the tankers were part of a 'multibillion-dollar shadow network' funding the IRGC and its proxies; strikes followed Iran's missile attack on two US Navy ships.
CNN— US military strikes three Iranian tankers in retaliation for missile attacks (Sep 5 2026): corroborates the three-tanker strike (Downy, Stark 1, Kylo) and the retaliation framing after Iran targeted US warships near Hormuz.
NPR— US strikes Iranian oil tankers after Navy ships targeted (Sep 5 2026): a US aircraft carrier and guided-missile destroyer evaded multiple IRGC attacks; no American personnel harmed. Corroborates the evaded missile attack and the tanker strikes.
Al Jazeera— US, Iran engaged in tanker war (Sep 6 2026): the months-long fighting is increasingly playing out at sea; Iran's targeting of US carriers is called a 'calculated escalation' and Iran is moving to announce a restricted zone near Hormuz. Basis for the tanker-war framing.
Axios— US strikes Iran tankers under new 'tanker for tanker' policy (Sep 2 2026): after Iran attacked shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, the US struck two Iranian government tankers at anchor in their engine rooms; establishes the new 'tanker-for-tanker' policy. Basis for the Sep 1-2 tanker strikes.
TIME— US and Iran exchange most intense attacks in weeks (Sep 2 2026): CENTCOM's Sep 1-2 wave hit ~100 IRGC targets around Hormuz plus two Iranian govt tankers; Iranian authorities reported at least 18 killed inside Iran, incl. 5 at a Kuhestak (Sirik) wedding. Basis for the Sep 1-2 in-Iran deaths.
Al Jazeera— Iran, US exchange new attacks: who was hit in the latest strikes? (Sep 2 2026): breaks down the Sep 1-2 US strikes on ~100 IRGC targets and two tankers and Iran's answering attacks on shipping and US warships. Corroborates the Sep 1-2 exchange.
CNBC— US strikes Iran as Tehran retaliates, raising risk of wider war (Sep 1 2026): CENTCOM struck Iranian targets after new Strait-of-Hormuz shipping attacks. Documents the opening of the early-September escalation.
Voice of Emirates (CENTCOM)— CENTCOM: 92 commercial vessels rerouted under the Iran naval blockade (Sep 6 2026): also 3 disabled and 2 boarded, with warships enforcing the blockade. Basis for the raised blockade tally (68 -> 92).
Sunday Guardian (CENTCOM)— CENTCOM says 92 commercial vessels redirected, 3 disabled and 2 boarded during the Iran naval blockade (Sep 6 2026): corroborates the ~92-vessel blockade count.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 17 2026): the deadline to reach a US-Iran deal expires; Trump threatens Oman as the 60-day MoU negotiation period ends without an agreement. Resolves the expired-deadline status.
Al Jazeera— Trump demands Iran 'put up the white flag' of surrender as the MoU expires (Aug 17 2026): Trump threatens Oman over the Strait of Hormuz, refuses to extend the memorandum of understanding. Basis for the hardened stance and expired deadline.
CBS News— Trump threatens to bomb Oman with Iran war stuck in stalemate as the 60-day negotiation period ends (Aug 17 2026): corroborates the deadline expiry, Trump's Oman threat and the stalemate framing.
Washington Post— Trump threatens to bomb Oman if it 'gets in the way' (Aug 17 2026): 'If Oman gets in the way, we'll bomb the shit out of them' (Fox News interview). Named-source confirmation of the Oman threat.
Bloomberg— US-Iran peace prospects dim as Trump rejects a truce extension (Aug 17 2026): Trump will not extend the June memorandum of understanding. Corroborates the collapsed diplomacy.
Al Jazeera— US-Iran memorandum of understanding expires: how and why it fell apart (Aug 17 2026): the June truce mired with infringements, Iran rejected how ships transit Hormuz, then began targeting vessels; US answered with intensive strikes. Context.
CNBC— Trump won't extend Iran ceasefire, threatens to bomb Oman if it gets in the way (Aug 17 2026): the truce expires with the war stuck in stalemate over Hormuz. Corroborates.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 18 2026): Trump says no talks are underway or scheduled with Iran (denying a reported IRGC back channel; Iran also denies talks); the UAE says it detected two ballistic missiles launched toward it from Iran. Basis for the post-deadline status.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 20 2026): the US imposes new sanctions on Hezbollah, threatens 'toughest sanctions in history' economic pressure on Iran. Documents the pivot to economic pressure.
One America News Network (CENTCOM)— CENTCOM: 67 vessels redirected, 3 disabled as the US naval blockade on Iranian ports continues (Aug 20 2026): also 2 vessels boarded; 20+ warships supporting the blockade. Basis for the raised blockade tally (44 -> ~68).
ANI News (CENTCOM)— US forces redirect 68 commercial vessels, disable 3, board 2 amid Iran blockade: CENTCOM (Aug 22 2026): corroborates the ~68/3/2 counts.
Middle East Eye (CENTCOM)— CENTCOM says 68 vessels redirected so far in the Iran naval blockade (Aug 2026): live-blog corroboration of the ~68-vessel count.
USNI News— Carrier USS George Washington Now in the Middle East (Aug 20 2026): the GW CSG arrived in the CENTCOM AOR Aug 19 and transited the Arabian Sea Aug 20 to relieve the USS Abraham Lincoln, joining USS George H.W. Bush + Boxer ARG + 11th MEU (USNI Fleet Tracker).
Washington Post— New aircraft carrier arrives in Arabian Sea to replace the long-stationed USS Abraham Lincoln (Aug 20 2026): USS George Washington relieves the Lincoln, deployed ~260-268 days incl. 240+ consecutive at sea with severely restricted port access.
Al Jazeera— USS Washington arrives in the Middle East after aircraft carrier outcry (Aug 20 2026): corroborates the George Washington's arrival and the Lincoln relief.
Marine Insight— US Navy aircraft carrier George Washington reaches the Arabian Sea as USS Lincoln's 250-day deployment ends (Aug 2026): corroborates the carrier swap timing.
AP (via ClickOrlando)— After killing hundreds in boat strikes, the US military expands its campaign on land in Latin America (Aug 17 2026): US has killed 200+ in 60+ boat strikes; sustained US ground combat 'would be new and different.' New-conflict scan input; not yet a discrete new US war -- watchlist.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 15 2026): shipping faces more disruptions in the Middle East -- only ~151 ships transited the Strait of Hormuz in the past seven days (far below pre-war levels); Iran-backed Houthi attacks forced Yemen's Mokha port to suspend operations. Resolves the latest status.
CNBC— Iran rebuffs Trump's claim over the Strait of Hormuz amid a report of another ship being struck (Aug 15 2026): a UAE state-oil-company-affiliated tanker was attacked in the strait Friday night (Aug 14); the UAE blamed Iran. Confirms the renewed maritime friction.
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Aug 14 2026): the US eyes an indefinite naval blockade of Iran; Trump says he will declare the Strait of Hormuz US territory 'pretty soon' after the war. Iran's Dep FM Gharibabadi insists the strait 'will remain Iranian.' Confirms the blockade escalation.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 14 2026): a carrier strike group is headed to the Middle East to replace the USS Abraham Lincoln, a US official says. Basis for the planned Lincoln relief; the Lincoln is still on station as the replacement transits.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 12 2026): Trump insists the US controls the Strait of Hormuz; Iran says it could 'prolong' the war with the US. Establishes the hardened Hormuz standoff and that the war is not over.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker Aug 10 2026: the USS Abraham Lincoln and USS George H.W. Bush carrier strike groups are on station in the northern Arabian Sea supporting Operation Epic Fury; no carrier in the Caribbean. Freshest confirmation of the two-CSG presence.
The War Zone (TWZ)— Where Are The Aircraft Carriers: Aug 11 2026 -- both US carriers (Abraham Lincoln, George H.W. Bush) are on station in the northern Arabian Sea; the Lincoln is approaching nine months deployed. Corroborates the carrier presence ahead of the George Washington relief.
Stars and Stripes— USS George Washington headed to the Middle East to relieve the USS Abraham Lincoln (Aug 13 2026): the Washington CSG finished a Vietnam port visit ~Aug 5 and is transiting to relieve the Lincoln, deployed ~9 months / 250+ days amid troop-welfare concerns. A planned relief, not a drawdown.
NPR— Pentagon replaces the USS Abraham Lincoln in the Middle East following a historic deployment (Aug 15 2026): the George Washington will relieve the Lincoln after ~250 consecutive-at-sea days; corroborates the carrier swap and the Lincoln's welfare concerns.
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 5 2026): Houthis claim to attack a Saudi oil tanker; Trump says Hormuz reopening 'soon.' Documents the continuing Houthi Red Sea front IN the Iran war (basis for the new-conflict scan -- not a discrete new US campaign).
CNN (live)— US-Iran war live (Aug 9 2026): Trump says the US is 'only semi-negotiating' and 'low-keying' talks, leaning on economic pressure; Iran demands an end to the US naval blockade to reopen Hormuz; the Pentagon presses defense firms to boost weapons production. Resolves the stalled-talks status.
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Aug 9 2026): Tehran demands an end to the US naval blockade to reopen the Strait of Hormuz; Oman-mediated Hormuz talks continue while Iran maintains it has no direct US negotiations. Confirms the blockade stays active and direct talks have not resumed.
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Aug 4 2026): Tehran denies direct US talks and says Oman-mediated Hormuz talks are advancing 'positively' while Trump warns of a 'last chance' for a deal. Resolves that the 'Monday' direct talks did not materialize.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker Aug 3 2026: USS Abraham Lincoln and USS George H.W. Bush carrier strike groups plus the USS Boxer ARG (Boxer, Comstock, Portland + 11th MEU) in the Arabian Sea supporting Operation Epic Fury; no carrier in the Caribbean. Confirms the two-CSG presence.
Al Jazeera— Trump says a new round of Iran talks will begin Monday (Aug 2 2026): after calling off a planned strike the night before at the urging of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar and Iran, Trump says direct talks start Monday (Aug 3) and a deal is 'imminent,' no deadline set.
CNBC— Trump says Iran talks to resume Monday after calling off planned strikes (Aug 3 2026): confirms the Aug 1 night call-off and the Monday (Aug 3) start; nuclear issues set aside while mediators keep both sides talking.
Bloomberg— Trump says Iran talks to begin Monday after scrapping an attack (Aug 2 2026): corroborates the called-off strike and the Monday negotiation start.
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Aug 2 2026): Tehran warns of a 'decisive response' to any US aggression; FM Araghchi says Iran-Oman Hormuz talks are near 'final stages'; Iran maintains it has no direct negotiations with the United States. Not a ceasefire.
CNN— US-Iran war live (Aug 1 2026): the State Department warns US citizens across the Middle East as fears of a wider war rise; Trump weighs further strikes before agreeing to hold off.
Al Jazeera— US launches a 'heavy wave' of new attacks on Iran (Jul 30 2026): after a five-night pause and Iran's intercepted Jul 29 missile attack on Jordan, US forces struck dozens of IRGC targets and military command centers; the IRGC pledged to 'punish the aggressor.'
CNBC— Iran says it will 'punish the aggressor today' after a 'heavy wave' of US strikes (Jul 30 2026): CENTCOM says US forces successfully completed the strikes on dozens of IRGC targets in retaliation for Iran's attack on US forces in Jordan.
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Jul 30 2026): Tehran says the US will 'pay the price' for civilians killed in strikes on Qeshm Island; Iranian media report a couple and their 2-year-old child killed in the Chah Tangu area during the US 'heavy wave.'
IranWire— Iran fires ballistic missiles at a US base in Jordan; CENTCOM says all intercepted (Jul 28-29 2026): the IRGC claimed the strike on Muwaffaq Salti air base; Jordan's air defenses downed 5 missiles; no US deaths reported. Resolves 'no new US KIA' in the renewed fighting.
Axios— Iran launches missiles toward a US base in Jordan, an American official says (Jul 28 2026): the opening of the late-July re-escalation after the pause.
CNN (live)— Trump says it's 'our turn' after an intercepted Iranian attack; US completes Iran strikes (Jul 29 2026): Trump vows to hit Iran 'very hard' following the Jordan missile attack.
Al Jazeera— US and Saudi Arabia strike Iran-backed groups in Iraq (Jul 28-29 2026): CENTCOM says US and Saudi aircraft hit multiple militia logistics/weapons sites across eastern Iraq after 30+ IRGC-directed drone attacks in 72 hours; Iraq's PMF says at least 20 killed, 32 wounded. New front IN the Iran war.
Foreign Policy— US-Saudi strikes on Iraqi militias add a new front to the Iran war (Jul 29 2026): frames the Iraq PMF strikes and the Houthi Bab el-Mandeb blockade as expanding fronts of the same war, not a discrete new US campaign. Basis for the new-conflict scan.
CNBC— US-Iran war pauses to give peace talks 'space' (Jul 27 2026): the US held off after 13 nights of strikes; Iran said it had no current negotiations with the US, only Oman-mediated Hormuz talks. Bridges the Jul 25-27 pause to the Jul 28 re-escalation.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker July 27 2026: USS Abraham Lincoln and USS George H.W. Bush carrier strike groups remain on station in the CENTCOM AOR (Arabian Sea) supporting Operation Epic Fury; no carrier in the Caribbean. Confirms the two-CSG presence.
The War Zone (TWZ)— Where Are The Aircraft Carriers: July 28 2026 -- two carrier strike groups (Abraham Lincoln, George H.W. Bush) plus the Boxer amphibious ready group and ~14 destroyers in the Arabian Sea supporting the renewed strike campaign and the naval blockade.
CNN— US-Iran war live (Jul 26 2026): Trump administration signals a pause in strikes will let talks progress; the US and Iran hold fire for a second straight day as an Omani delegation reaches Tehran. Resolves the Jul 24-26 pause and that it is not a ceasefire.
Al Jazeera— US and Iran hit pause on strikes for a second day (Jul 26 2026): neither side struck for a second straight day while Iran-Oman deputy-FM Strait-of-Hormuz talks were called 'constructive'; Qatar and Pakistan relay messages.
NPR— US pauses attacks on Iran for a second straight day and Tehran does too (Jul 26 2026): pause tied to Oman-mediated Hormuz talks; Trump 'giving talks some space' but says forces remain 'locked and loaded.'
CNN— US-Iran war live (Jul 25 2026): US military does not announce new Iran strikes for the first time in two weeks, after 13 consecutive strike nights (Jul 11-23). Resolves the start of the strike pause.
Al Jazeera— US attacks Iran for a 13th consecutive night as Trump threatens 'bigger' strikes (Jul 23 2026); Iran lashes out across the Gulf; Houthis attack two Saudi oil tankers in the Red Sea. Resolves the 13-night strike run and the Houthi 'new front.'
CENTCOM— U.S. Forces to Resume Naval Blockade Against Iran (Jul 14 2026): CENTCOM resumes blockading maritime traffic entering/exiting Iranian ports beginning Jul 14 at 4 p.m. ET. Resolves the reimposed naval blockade.
Stars and Stripes— US forces disable a tanker heading to an Iranian port as the blockade resumes (Jul 15 2026): the Curacao-flagged M/T Belma ignored warnings toward Kharg Island and was disabled by missiles into its smokestack. By Jul 25 CENTCOM had redirected 12 vessels, disabled 2, boarded 2.
Daily Sabah— US strike targets Iran's Darkhovin nuclear power plant site (Jul 19-20 2026): the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran said the US struck the under-construction site with projectiles; the plant held no nuclear material when the IAEA last visited.
Iran International— Iran says the US struck the Darkhovin nuclear power plant site (Jul 19 2026); Tehran calls it a 'dangerous assault' on civilian infrastructure and vows to respond.
CNBC— Houthis claim strikes on two Saudi oil tankers (Encelia, Layla) in the Red Sea (Jul 23 2026), threatening to open a new front in the Iran war. Basis for the new-conflict scan: a new front IN the Iran war, not a discrete new US campaign.
Washington Times— Houthis attack 2 Saudi tankers in the Red Sea, threatening to open a new front in the Iran war (Jul 23 2026); their first vessel attack since announcing a Bab el-Mandeb blockade of Saudi-linked shipping.
The War Zone (TWZ)— Where Are The Aircraft Carriers: July 20 2026 -- two carrier strike groups (USS Abraham Lincoln, USS George H.W. Bush) plus the USS Boxer amphibious ready group and 20+ warships operate in the Arabian Sea / Indian Ocean supporting CENTCOM. No carrier in the Caribbean.
CNN— Two US service members killed, one missing following Iranian strikes in Jordan (Jul 18 2026): CENTCOM announced 2 killed in action Jul 17 defending against Iranian ballistic-missile/drone attacks, 1 missing, 4 medevaced and discharged.
CNBC— US says it targeted Iranian forces after deaths of two American troops (Jul 19 2026): CENTCOM completed an EIGHTH straight night of strikes against Iranian targets, begun to 'swiftly punish' Iran for killing US service members. Resolves the eight-consecutive-strike-night count (Jul 11-18/19).
Fox News (live)— US retaliates for soldiers' deaths, striking Iran (Jul 19 2026 live): eighth consecutive day targeting air defenses, coastal military sites, IRGC forces and missile/drone facilities; search continues for the missing service member as of Jul 19.
PBS NewsHour— US launches new airstrikes to 'punish' Iran for deaths of US troops (Jul 18 2026): 'Since the war began, 16 US service members have been killed and over 430 wounded' -- the wired us_killed/us_wounded figures.
CENTCOM— US Forces Complete New Strikes on Iranian Military Targets (Jul 18 2026): coastal surveillance and air defense facilities, maritime capabilities, missile and drone storage sites -- to disrupt/degrade Iran's ability to attack vessels in the Strait of Hormuz.
France 24— Tehran threatens full-scale offensive as US launches seventh night of attacks (Jul 18 2026); two US troops killed, one missing after Iran attacks base in Jordan.
Al Jazeera— Iran suggests MoU 'suspended' as 50 killed in US strikes in July (Jul 18 2026): Iran Health Ministry reports 50+ killed and 500+ injured in US strikes since Jul 6; infrastructure hit incl.
CNN— US-Iran war live (Jul 13 2026): ceasefire disintegrates as the US and Iran trade strikes over the Strait of Hormuz; conflicting accounts on whether the Strait is open; Iran says the US is undermining Oman-mediated safe-passage talks near the 60-day MoU halfway mark.
Al Jazeera— US launches a new wave of strikes against Iran aimed at 'degrading' its military (Jul 12 2026); strikes expand beyond the coastal zone. Resolves the second-night July escalation.
CENTCOM— U.S. Forces Complete Another Round of Strikes Against Iran (Jul 11 2026): ~140 Iranian military targets hit (missile/drone sites, naval capabilities, ammunition storage, communications, coastal surveillance); CENTCOM cites 300+ targets over three nights this week.
Al Jazeera— Iran launches missiles and drones at Gulf states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan, Oman) after a night of US strikes (Jul 12 2026); CENTCOM says no US service members hurt (Qatar 3+ injured incl. a child; Kuwait 1). Resolves 'no new US deaths' in the July 11-12 exchange.
CNBC— US and Iran exchange strikes as the Strait of Hormuz standoff escalates (Jul 13 2026); Brent crude +2.8% to ~$78/bbl; ~14 vessels (half Iranian) transited the Strait per Kpler as fewer ships risk it.
Stars and Stripes— US naval buildup near Iran (Jul 2026): ~24 warships including carriers USS Abraham Lincoln and USS George H.W. Bush and 15 destroyers; amphib USS Boxer joined July 1.
CNN— US-Iran war live (Jul 11 2026): Iran declares the Strait of Hormuz closed again and strikes a container ship; the US answers with new strikes; an Iranian delegation still travels to Oman for mediated talks. Bridges the July 9-10 pause to the July 11-12 re-escalation.
CNBC— US strikes ~90 Iran targets after ship attacks, per CENTCOM (Jul 8 2026): air defense, coastal surveillance, missile/drone storage, naval capabilities; Trump declares ceasefire over.
RFE/RL— US insists Iran 'does not control' the Strait of Hormuz (Jul 2026); US reimposed naval blockade and is building up naval forces to enforce it.
Army Recognition— US Navy redirects/maneuvers carrier strike groups (USS Abraham Lincoln, USS George H.W. Bush) around Iran amid the Hormuz crisis (Jul 2026); 20+ warships in the Middle East; Trump considering an expanded port blockade.
CENTCOM (via GlobalSecurity)— US forces complete new round of offensive strikes against Iran, July 7 2026: 80+ targets hit with precision munitions in response to Iranian attacks on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. Resolves the ceasefire collapse and resumption of strikes.
CNN— US conducting new strikes in Iran after Trump said the ceasefire is 'over' (Jul 8 2026); US reimposing naval blockade of Hormuz and oil sanctions.
NPR— US launches new strikes against Iran after three ships hit in the Strait of Hormuz (Jul 7 2026).
Al Jazeera— US strikes southern Iran; Tehran claims attacks on US military sites (Jul 7 2026). Strait of Hormuz ship attacks and the strike exchange.
RFE/RL (via GlobalSecurity)— Iran claims attacks on US bases in Bahrain and Kuwait after new US strikes (Jul 8 2026): IRGC says it struck ~85 US military sites including the Fifth Fleet at Salman Port (Bahrain) and Ali Al Salem air base (Kuwait).
Axios— US and Iran agree to halt strikes and meet (Jun 28 2026): after the ~Jun 26-27 Strait of Hormuz strike exchange, both sides agreed to stop striking and hold talks. Resolves the ceasefire-holding status.
Al Jazeera— US-Iran talks in Doha (Jul 2 2026): technical talks concluded with Qatar reporting 'positive progress' on Hormuz shipping and frozen funds. Most recent conflict-relevant event.
UK House of Commons Library— US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks in 2026: timeline of the June 17 memorandum and its fragile hold into early July 2026.
CNBC— Successor to Iran's slain leader Khamenei does not appear at funeral (Jul 5 2026): confirms Khamenei was killed (Feb 28 opening strikes) and the early-July funeral is a state funeral, not a new death. Successor Mojtaba Khamenei named ~Mar 9, not seen publicly.
CNN— Sep 26 2026: Araghchi says no rejection came through official channels and Iran awaits a 'definitive' US response.
Iran armed forces spokesman, via IRNA/Press TV (via GlobalSecurity)— Sep 27 2026: Brig. Gen. Abolfazl Shekarchi says Iran will answer any fresh aggression with new military technologies and has 'surprises' in store. Belligerent source; posture only, no figures.
Al Jazeera— Sep 27 2026: analysis of Trump's rejection of Iran's truce offer. No ceasefire signed.
Al Jazeera— Sep 30 2026: Hormuz traffic back to ~80% of pre-war levels; Iran's GDP contracted 10.1% year on year Mar 21-Jun 20 and oil and gas shrank 26.4%. Context for the blockade and the talks.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 28 2026 (most recent published): USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both in the Arabian Sea for operations against Iran.
USNI News— Sep 28 2026: USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) deployed from San Diego on Sunday and is expected to move to CENTCOM to relieve USS George Washington; USS Abraham Lincoln is near Hawaii heading home.
USNI News— Sep 29 2026: the Makin Island Amphibious Ready Group deployed from San Diego.
TIME— Sep 30 2026: the IRGC published an open letter to American voters ahead of the midterms. Evidence the war is live, not concluded.
Iran International— Jun 3 2026: CENTCOM says 125 commercial vessels redirected and six disabled since the Apr 13 2026 blockade began -- the FIRST-phase cumulative. Kept only to document that the post-Jul-14 series also reached 125 (CENTCOM, Sep 30 2026): two different series, same number.
Middle East Eye— Middle East Eye live-blog entry carrying CENTCOM's first-phase '125 redirected, six disabled since the blockade launched in mid-April' (the Jun 3 2026 figure). Kept to document the coincidence with the Sep 30 2026 post-resumption 125; see CENTCOM_X_Sep30_Blockade125.
U.S. Central Command (official X account)— Sep 30 2026: 'As of Sept. 30, CENTCOM forces have redirected 125 commercial vessels to ensure strict compliance' with the Iran blockade; USS George H.W. Bush supporting enforcement. Post-Jul-14 series (122 as of Sep 25; 104 as of Sep 17). Carried by MEE, Trend, TASS, APA.
Middle East Eye— Live blog, Sep 30 2026: 'US Centcom says it redirected 125 vessels to enforce Iran blockade' -- relay of CENTCOM's Sep 30 statement (post-resumption series).
USNI News— Oct 8 2026: the Abraham Lincoln Carrier Strike Group returns to San Diego after 321 days, nearly 11 months — the deployment that covered the opening of this war. Context for the carrier-force strain, not a cost or casualty figure.

Cost to date

Range: the Pentagon's own $43.6B estimate to Congress (CENTCOM figure for costs as of Sep 3, 2026) up to ~$45.1B once $1.5B in extra fuel is counted (CNN). Two official checkpoints published the same week sit below it on earlier cutoffs: CBO's $38.1B through Aug 1 plus $2–3B a month, and the DoD Inspector General's $33.4B through Jun 30. Expended munitions dominate every estimate. A DoD internal all-in band of $80–100B (NBC) is unaudited and excluded, as are non-official trackers. No estimate is independently audited and each counts different things. The Pentagon's $43.6B (as of Sep 3) is $11.2B of incremental obligations, $28.1B to replace expended munitions and $4.3B for equipment losses, and excludes repairs to damaged US facilities. CBO's $38.1B (through Aug 1) counts $21.7B munitions, $10.4B flying hours and $2.7B fuel; the DoD IG's $33.4B runs only through Jun 30. Munitions expended are a war cost; the separate ~$200B restock ask is replenishment and is excluded.

Bloomberg Government— Pentagon Puts Iran Cost at $43.6 Billion in Estimate to Congress: a CENTCOM estimate shared with the congressional national-security committees puts war costs at $43.6B as of Sept 3 2026 -- ~$11.2B incremental, ~$28.1B munitions replacement, ~$4.3B equipment losses. Basis for the displayed cost.
Roll Call— Pentagon's latest Iran war cost estimate: $43.6 billion (Sep 18 2026) — the highest official estimate to date, given to Congress' defense oversight panels; $11.2B obligated operating expenses plus unfunded replacement costs. Fresh confirmation of the Sep 3 figure.
CNN (via KVIA)— Iran war has cost $45.1 billion, Pentagon tells Congress (Sep 18 2026): the $43.6B figure as of Sept 3 plus about $1.5B in extra fuel. Basis for the displayed cost high.
The Hill— Pentagon tells Congress Iran war cost at least $42B: a congressional aide says DoD gave the defense committees an updated estimate on Aug 13 2026 -- over $42B, a $4.5B rise on Hegseth's July $37.5B. The intermediate step between $37.5B and the Sept 3 $43.6B.
UPI— Iran war has cost Pentagon at least $45.1 billion (Sep 19 2026) — $43.6B as of Sep 3 plus ~$1.5B extra fuel. Notes CBO's $2-3B/month forward estimate and that base/building repair costs are excluded.
Congressional Budget Office— Estimating the Cost of Combat Operations Against Iran (Sep 15 2026): $38.1B cost to the Pentagon through Aug 1 2026, plus $2-3B per additional month. Munitions replacement $21.7B, flying hours $10.4B, fuel $2.7B; excludes facility repairs. Earlier-cutoff checkpoint, not the displayed figure.
Roll Call— Iran war has cost $38 billion and counting, CBO says (Sep 15 2026): breaks CBO's $38.1B into $13.1B missile-defense interceptors, $7.3B land-attack cruise missiles, $1.2B other munitions, $10.4B flying hours, $2.7B fuel, and notes a projected 0.5-point inflation effect by early 2027.
Breaking Defense— Iran war costs: $38B, plus $2-3B per month going forward, CBO says (Sep 15 2026). Second named-outlet retrieval for the CBO figure and its forward monthly rate.
CBS News— Pentagon inspector general says $22.3B spent on Iran war munitions has caused 'strategic inventory shortfalls' (Sep 14 2026). The first Lead IG report to Congress on Epic Fury estimates $33.4B through Jun 30, incl. $3.7B equipment losses. Earlier-cutoff checkpoint, not displayed.
Stars and Stripes— Hegseth says the Iran war has cost $37.5 billion so far, makes the case for supplemental funding (Jul 21 2026): SecDef Pete Hegseth's figure at a Senate Appropriations Committee hearing. The new official war-cost figure.
NOTUS— Iran War Has Cost the U.S. Nearly $38 Billion (Jul 21 2026): corroborates Hegseth's ~$37.5B war-cost figure from the Senate Appropriations testimony.
Air & Space Forces Magazine— Hegseth: Iran War Cost Now at $37.5 Billion (Jul 21 2026): corroborates the ~$37.5B official war-cost figure from the Senate Appropriations testimony; re-confirmed unchanged as of the Aug 10 refresh.
NBC News— Hegseth puts the Iran war at $37.5B as the Pentagon seeks more money (Jul 21 2026): reports the DoD's INTERNAL overall war cost at $80-100B (base repairs, replacing aircraft, replenishing munitions), well above the public $37.5B. Source for the internal cost band.
Washington Post— Pentagon pushes defense companies to boost weapons production after depleted stocks (Aug 8 2026): Deputy SecDef Steve Feinberg's memo gives industry no more than 21 days to submit faster-production plans; Patriot/THAAD/SM-3/PrSM interceptor stocks are at 50% or less of pre-war levels.
CNBC (AP)— Pentagon pushes defense contractors to boost weapons production after depleted stocks (Aug 9 2026): corroborates the Feinberg memo and the <=50% interceptor stockpiles; Trump disputed the shortage on Truth Social.
CSIS— Comprehensive Operation Epic Fury cost analysis including base and facility damage
OMB— Office of Management and Budget supplemental request documentation
MilitarySpend.org (aggregator)— Live cost tracker (~$36B). AGGREGATOR ESTIMATE, not official -- listed for provenance and explicitly excluded from the official cost range. A higher ~$113B 'all-in' figure that circulates is likewise non-official.
CRS IN12692— U.S. Aircraft Combat Losses in Operation Epic Fury: Considerations for Congress, updated Oct 5 2026: 81 US aircraft reportedly lost or damaged since Feb 28 2026, nearly double the 42 CRS counted in May; CRS warns the count may be revised.
Army Times— US aircraft lost or damaged in Iran war nearly doubles in latest congressional report (Oct 7 2026): the CRS count rises from 42 to 81, with MQ-9 Reapers the largest category.
USNI News— Report to Congress on U.S. Aircraft Combat Losses in Operation Epic Fury (Oct 6 2026): USNI's posting of the CRS Insight updated Oct 5 2026.
The Defense Post— Oct 12 2026: 81 US aircraft lost or damaged in the Iran war per CRS Insight IN12692, with replacement costs 'reaching $3.3B'. A REPLACEMENT cost — excluded from displayed war-cost figures by the standing rule, and already partly inside the Pentagon's $43.6B.

Emergency supplemental request

OMB— Office of Management and Budget supplemental request documentation
CSIS— War Costs Make Up a Third of the $87.6 Billion Supplemental Request (Jul 2026): ~$32.7B of the $87.6B request is Iran-war costs, ~$39.2B non-war national security, ~$15.6B unrelated (farm aid, Ebola). Confirms the request scope; still pending.
Washington Times— Congress punts $200 billion defense funding gap until after midterms (Sep 13 2026): the House cut its return to one week; the biggest defense/foreign-policy funding decisions wait for a lame-duck session after the Nov 3 midterms. Basis for the still-not-enacted supplemental status.
The Hill— Congress funds government until December, averting preelection shutdown: the stopgap keeps the government funded through Dec 11 2026 and carries no Iran war supplemental, punting the spending fight to the lame duck.
The Hill— Lame-duck agenda balloons as Congress punts priorities until after election: GOP lawmakers punted government funding, money for the war with Iran and surveillance authorities to the session starting the week of Nov 9; some aides doubt a reconciliation vehicle moves before January.
The Hill— Pete Hegseth fails to win support for the Iran war reconciliation package (Aug 2026): a 2+ hour meeting with key senators left them 'unconvinced or mum' on advancing the ~$95B House-passed reconciliation vehicle; the DoD/intel share is ~$73B. Basis for the still-not-enacted status.
Roll Call— Pentagon's latest Iran war cost estimate: $43.6 billion (Sep 18 2026) — the highest official estimate to date, given to Congress' defense oversight panels; $11.2B obligated operating expenses plus unfunded replacement costs. Fresh confirmation of the Sep 3 figure.
The Hill— GOP senators not happy with the Trump administration's handling of Iran funding (Aug 2026): Collins and Murkowski doubt a third reconciliation bill; Majority Leader Thune is noncommittal and notes Senate reconciliation rules differ from the House's. Corroborates the Senate stall.
NPR— House passes a Pentagon funding bill and a blueprint to unlock new dollars for the Iran war (Jul 22 2026): the House adopted a ~$95B budget-reconciliation package folding in the war funding; the Senate has not taken it up. Confirms the supplemental is not yet enacted.
Government Executive— Iran War supplemental deepens FY27 budget uncertainty (Jul 2026): $87.6B request still pending congressional action, facing stiff opposition; passage in doubt. Confirms supplemental NOT enacted.
CRS— Congressional Research Service reports (official index; search Iran supplemental)
RealClearPolicy— Congress Hasn't Voted to Pay for the Iran War (Oct 3 2026): used only as a DATED CURRENCY CHECK that no appropriation has passed, never as the source of a displayed figure. The displayed $87.6B rests on the OMB submission itself.

US military deaths

The official toll is 21 killed and 865+ wounded (Pentagon DCAS, as of Oct 9), a combined 886. Six US officials told The Washington Post the real death toll is at least 22.

Washington Post— Oct 10 2026: the Pentagon acknowledged late Friday Oct 9 that its official toll is higher than reported and updated DCAS to 21 deaths, adding two noncombat deaths. Resolves us_killed; the originating report for the Oct 9 DCAS figure.
Stars and Stripes— Pentagon raises official death toll from Iran war to 21 (Oct 10 2026): DCAS shows 21 dead and 865 wounded as of Oct 9, split 15 dead / 417 wounded under Operation Epic Fury and 6 dead / 448 wounded under 'overseas operations' since Jul 7. Resolves us_killed and us_wounded.
The Hill— Pentagon updates death toll of troops during Iran war to 21 (Oct 2026): second named outlet carrying both the 21 dead and the 865 wounded from the same DCAS update, with the two added deaths described as noncombat.
Washington Post— Another U.S. service member dies amid Iran war, Pentagon tally shows (Sep 22 2026): the Pentagon added one death to its public database, bringing the disclosed total to 19; DCAS lists the member as a female officer over 35. Basis for us_killed 18 -> 19.
Military Times— Army identifies 19th US service member to die amid Iran war (Sep 23 2026): Capt. Bianca C. Wilkerson, 37, of Norfolk, Va., died Sep 18 of a non-combat-related incident on a flight to Saudi Arabia; posthumously promoted to major.
GlobalSecurity (daily Iran war update)— Iran War 2026 — Day 220 Update, Oct 5 2026: US military KIA 19 since Feb 28 with no new American death located; a 28th consecutive operational period with no coalition strike on Iranian territory ashore; no new aggregate Iranian casualty figure.
Task & Purpose— Pentagon identifies Virginia soldier as 19th death in support of Iran war (Sep 22-23 2026): Wilkerson's death was added to DCAS on Sep 21, and 'since Feb. 28 ... at least 831 troops have been wounded in action'. Basis for us_wounded 820 -> 831.
The Intercept— Another U.S. Soldier Is Dead as Iran War Casualties Rise (Sep 22 2026): as of Tuesday DCAS showed 19 dead and more than 820 wounded; an additional 66 wounded in action this month pushed the official Iran war casualty count above 850. Corroborates 19 killed and, with it, 831 wounded.
Washington Post— More U.S. troops have died amid Iran war than Pentagon has disclosed publicly (Sep 18 2026): 'as of Friday, DCAS lists 18 U.S. military fatalities' and 'more than 820' wounded. Six US officials say the real toll is higher -- five say at least 22, a sixth 23. Contested claim not displayed.
NPR— US strikes Iranian oil tankers after Navy ships targeted (Sep 5 2026): a US aircraft carrier and guided-missile destroyer evaded multiple IRGC attacks; no American personnel harmed. Corroborates the evaded missile attack and the tanker strikes.
NBC News— US strikes 3 Iranian oil tankers after Iran targets Navy warships (Sep 5 2026): US forces disabled the M/T Downy (off Kharg Island) and M/T Stark 1 (near Jask) and destroyed the M/T Kylo (Gulf of Oman) after IRGC missiles targeted a US carrier and destroyer that evaded, no personnel harmed.
Washington Post— More than 750 US service members wounded in the Iran war (Aug 21 2026): the Pentagon's DCAS count rose from 697 (Wed Aug 19) to 756 (Thu Aug 20), with 18 killed unchanged; total killed+wounded 774. Basis for the raised official wounded floor.
Stars and Stripes— Pentagon adds 60 wounded to Iran war casualty count (Aug 21 2026): documents the 697 -> 756 jump on Aug 20 -- the largest single-day increase since the war began. Corroborates the raised wounded floor.
The Hill— Pentagon's Iran war casualty count tops 600 amid transparency questions (Aug 2026): the updated DCAS count reaches 18 killed and 687 wounded (as of Aug 14), combining the 'Operation Epic Fury' and post-Jul-7 'Overseas Operations' pages. Source for the raised official wounded floor.
The Intercept— The Pentagon Found a New Way to Undercount U.S. Casualties in Iran (Aug 4 2026): DCAS now logs casualties since Jul 7 (the War Powers Act notification date) on a separate 'Overseas Operations' page; combining both pages yields ~704 killed+wounded, and counting omitted cases pushes past ~900.
IranWire— Iran fires ballistic missiles at a US base in Jordan; CENTCOM says all intercepted (Jul 28-29 2026): the IRGC claimed the strike on Muwaffaq Salti air base; Jordan's air defenses downed 5 missiles; no US deaths reported. Resolves 'no new US KIA' in the renewed fighting.
Al Jazeera— US and Saudi Arabia strike Iran-backed groups in Iraq (Jul 28-29 2026): CENTCOM says US and Saudi aircraft hit multiple militia logistics/weapons sites across eastern Iraq after 30+ IRGC-directed drone attacks in 72 hours; Iraq's PMF says at least 20 killed, 32 wounded. New front IN the Iran war.
CNN— Iran war casualty count eclipses 600 as Pentagon quietly changes accounting (Jul 26 2026): official website showed 18 killed / 482 wounded as of Jul 22; combined with updated Epic Fury totals, 18 killed and 624 wounded since Feb 28. DCAS shifted to an 'Overseas Operations' category.
Washington Times (AP)— Pentagon's official Iran war death toll no longer lists 4 troops killed during renewed fighting (Jul 26 2026): the 4 are placed in a new separate category; as late as Jul 22 the website showed 18 killed and 482 wounded.
ABC News— Pentagon updates how it categorizes Iran war casualties (Jul 26 2026): DCAS now tracks under 'Overseas Operations' rather than 'Operation Epic Fury,' removing 4 renewed-fighting deaths and dozens of wounded from the Iran-war tally. Companion: 'Pentagon lowers count of Iran war dead and wounded.'
CENTCOM— CENTCOM statement (Jul 19 2026): a service member in northern Iraq killed in action Jul 18 during a controlled detonation of unexploded ordnance from a downed Iranian drone; unidentified remains found at the Jordan site, verification ongoing.
AP (via Washington Times)— AP wrap (Jul 19 2026): '17 US service members have died in the Iran war' — 'A third death was reported on Sunday, bringing the total number of deaths to 17.'
War Department casualty release— DOW Identifies Army Casualties (Jul 20 2026): names the two Jul 17 Jordan KIA — 1st Lt. Tyler James Feehan, 25, of Ewa Beach, Hawaii, and Pvt. Isabella Gonzales, 19, of Carrollton, Texas (corroborated by UPI, Washington Times).
CNN— Two US service members killed, one missing following Iranian strikes in Jordan (Jul 18 2026): CENTCOM announced 2 killed in action Jul 17 defending against Iranian ballistic-missile/drone attacks, 1 missing, 4 medevaced and discharged.
Military Times— 2 US troops killed, 1 missing after Iranian missile/drone attack in Jordan (Jul 18 2026): cumulative 16 US troops killed and 400+ wounded; names withheld pending next-of-kin notification; notes Cmdr. Gabriel Edwards (HSC-5) died Jul 1 in an Arabian Sea helicopter incident (the 14th death).
ABC News (AP)— US military death toll in Iran war rises to 14 after Navy pilot death this month (Jul 13 2026): +1 non-hostile death (Navy helicopter crash in the Arabian Sea, early July, no indication of hostile action).
Military Times— Pentagon data: 13 US troops killed, more than 380 wounded in Operation Epic Fury (Apr 8 2026) -- the long-standing official anchor superseded Jul 13/18; wounded breakdown 247 Army, 63 Navy, 19 Marines, 36 Air Force.
CENTCOM / DoD— U.S. Central Command / Dept. of Defense press releases (official releases index)
Washington Post— Sep 25 2026: DCAS shows 861 wounded as of Wednesday Sep 23 after the Pentagon quietly added 37 (29 Navy sailors, 8 Marines) with no announcement or explanation; 19 deaths. Resolves us_wounded.
CBS News— Newly obtained footage details the Iranian attack on Camp Buehring, Kuwait, and the US pullback from it. The attacks date to the START of the war in March 2026; US officials say no one was killed by enemy fire there. Retrospective — no new casualty figure.
Anadolu Agency— Oct 10 2026: 'Pentagon raises US troop death toll in Iran war to 21'. Independent corroboration of the Oct 9 DCAS update (21 killed, 865 wounded) carried by the Washington Post and Stars and Stripes.
The Intercept— Oct 12 2026: the Pentagon quietly acknowledged additional Iran war deaths on Friday evening after The Intercept repeatedly demanded an explanation. Confirms the Oct 9 DCAS figures and restates that the database still understates losses.
Democracy Now!— Oct 12 2026 headline: 'Pentagon Quietly Raises Count of U.S. Troops Killed in Iran War'. A further independent carry of the Oct 9 DCAS revision to 21 killed.

US wounded

Washington Post— Oct 10 2026: the Pentagon acknowledged late Friday Oct 9 that its official toll is higher than reported and updated DCAS to 21 deaths, adding two noncombat deaths. Resolves us_killed; the originating report for the Oct 9 DCAS figure.
Stars and Stripes— Pentagon raises official death toll from Iran war to 21 (Oct 10 2026): DCAS shows 21 dead and 865 wounded as of Oct 9, split 15 dead / 417 wounded under Operation Epic Fury and 6 dead / 448 wounded under 'overseas operations' since Jul 7. Resolves us_killed and us_wounded.
The Hill— Pentagon updates death toll of troops during Iran war to 21 (Oct 2026): second named outlet carrying both the 21 dead and the 865 wounded from the same DCAS update, with the two added deaths described as noncombat.
Washington Post— Sep 25 2026: DCAS shows 861 wounded as of Wednesday Sep 23 after the Pentagon quietly added 37 (29 Navy sailors, 8 Marines) with no announcement or explanation; 19 deaths. Resolves us_wounded.
GlobalSecurity (daily Iran war update)— Iran War 2026 — Day 220 Update, Oct 5 2026: US military KIA 19 since Feb 28 with no new American death located; a 28th consecutive operational period with no coalition strike on Iranian territory ashore; no new aggregate Iranian casualty figure.
Newsweek— Sep 26 2026: independent confirmation of the same +37 (29 sailors, 8 Marines); a Navy spokesperson says standard verification protocols registered the increase and all 29 sailors returned to duty.
Task & Purpose— Pentagon identifies Virginia soldier as 19th death in support of Iran war (Sep 22-23 2026): Wilkerson's death was added to DCAS on Sep 21, and 'since Feb. 28 ... at least 831 troops have been wounded in action'. Basis for us_wounded 820 -> 831.
The Intercept— Another U.S. Soldier Is Dead as Iran War Casualties Rise (Sep 22 2026): as of Tuesday DCAS showed 19 dead and more than 820 wounded; an additional 66 wounded in action this month pushed the official Iran war casualty count above 850. Corroborates 19 killed and, with it, 831 wounded.
Washington Post— Another U.S. service member dies amid Iran war, Pentagon tally shows (Sep 22 2026): the Pentagon added one death to its public database, bringing the disclosed total to 19; DCAS lists the member as a female officer over 35. Basis for us_killed 18 -> 19.
Washington Post— More U.S. troops have died amid Iran war than Pentagon has disclosed publicly (Sep 18 2026): 'as of Friday, DCAS lists 18 U.S. military fatalities' and 'more than 820' wounded. Six US officials say the real toll is higher -- five say at least 22, a sixth 23. Contested claim not displayed.
Washington Post— More than 750 US service members wounded in the Iran war (Aug 21 2026): the Pentagon's DCAS count rose from 697 (Wed Aug 19) to 756 (Thu Aug 20), with 18 killed unchanged; total killed+wounded 774. Basis for the raised official wounded floor.
Stars and Stripes— Pentagon adds 60 wounded to Iran war casualty count (Aug 21 2026): documents the 697 -> 756 jump on Aug 20 -- the largest single-day increase since the war began. Corroborates the raised wounded floor.
The Hill— Pentagon's Iran war casualty count tops 600 amid transparency questions (Aug 2026): the updated DCAS count reaches 18 killed and 687 wounded (as of Aug 14), combining the 'Operation Epic Fury' and post-Jul-7 'Overseas Operations' pages. Source for the raised official wounded floor.
Military Times— Pentagon moves recent KIA numbers from the Iran war into an 'Overseas Operations' category (Jul 27 2026): documents the DCAS accounting split (post-Jul-7 casualties tracked separately) that the Aug 14 687-wounded count later recombines. Context for the wounded-floor sourcing.
The Intercept— The Pentagon Found a New Way to Undercount U.S. Casualties in Iran (Aug 4 2026): DCAS now logs casualties since Jul 7 (the War Powers Act notification date) on a separate 'Overseas Operations' page; combining both pages yields ~704 killed+wounded, and counting omitted cases pushes past ~900.
CNN— Iran war casualty count eclipses 600 as Pentagon quietly changes accounting (Jul 26 2026): official website showed 18 killed / 482 wounded as of Jul 22; combined with updated Epic Fury totals, 18 killed and 624 wounded since Feb 28. DCAS shifted to an 'Overseas Operations' category.
Washington Times (AP)— Pentagon's official Iran war death toll no longer lists 4 troops killed during renewed fighting (Jul 26 2026): the 4 are placed in a new separate category; as late as Jul 22 the website showed 18 killed and 482 wounded.
ABC News— Pentagon updates how it categorizes Iran war casualties (Jul 26 2026): DCAS now tracks under 'Overseas Operations' rather than 'Operation Epic Fury,' removing 4 renewed-fighting deaths and dozens of wounded from the Iran-war tally. Companion: 'Pentagon lowers count of Iran war dead and wounded.'
AOL (AP)— US warplanes strike Iranian-backed militias that wounded four American troops (Jul 29 2026): documents the 4 US wounded from IRGC-directed militia attacks in Iraq (noted for currency; not added to the official wounded floor).
PBS NewsHour— US launches new airstrikes to 'punish' Iran for deaths of US troops (Jul 18 2026): 'Since the war began, 16 US service members have been killed and over 430 wounded' -- the wired us_killed/us_wounded figures.
ABC News (AP)— US military death toll in Iran war rises to 14 after Navy pilot death this month (Jul 13 2026): +1 non-hostile death (Navy helicopter crash in the Arabian Sea, early July, no indication of hostile action).
The Intercept— Pentagon Erases Wounded US Troops From Iran War Casualty List (Apr 22 2026): documents 15 wounded-in-action scrubbed from the official count without explanation; independent wounded tallies run ~520-543 vs the official 430+.
NBC News— Sep 27 2026: three US officials say an Iranian anti-ship cruise missile struck a non-commissioned vessel in the Strait of Hormuz on Sep 14, injuring eight Marines (smoke inhalation, possible TBI); added to DCAS ~10 days later. Explains 8 of the +37.
CBS News— Newly obtained footage details the Iranian attack on Camp Buehring, Kuwait, and the US pullback from it. The attacks date to the START of the war in March 2026; US officials say no one was killed by enemy fire there. Retrospective — no new casualty figure.
Anadolu Agency— Oct 10 2026: 'Pentagon raises US troop death toll in Iran war to 21'. Independent corroboration of the Oct 9 DCAS update (21 killed, 865 wounded) carried by the Washington Post and Stars and Stripes.
The Intercept— Oct 12 2026: the Pentagon quietly acknowledged additional Iran war deaths on Friday evening after The Intercept repeatedly demanded an explanation. Confirms the Oct 9 DCAS figures and restates that the database still understates losses.

us_missing

CENTCOM— CENTCOM statement (Jul 19 2026): a service member in northern Iraq killed in action Jul 18 during a controlled detonation of unexploded ordnance from a downed Iranian drone; unidentified remains found at the Jordan site, verification ongoing.
Army Times— US service member killed in northern Iraq, CENTCOM says (Jul 19 2026); carries CENTCOM's verbatim statement on the UXO death and the remains found at the Jordan attack site.
CNN— Two US service members killed, one missing following Iranian strikes in Jordan (Jul 18 2026): CENTCOM announced 2 killed in action Jul 17 defending against Iranian ballistic-missile/drone attacks, 1 missing, 4 medevaced and discharged.
Military Times— 2 US troops killed, 1 missing after Iranian missile/drone attack in Jordan (Jul 18 2026): cumulative 16 US troops killed and 400+ wounded; names withheld pending next-of-kin notification; notes Cmdr. Gabriel Edwards (HSC-5) died Jul 1 in an Arabian Sea helicopter incident (the 14th death).
Fox News (live)— US retaliates for soldiers' deaths, striking Iran (Jul 19 2026 live): eighth consecutive day targeting air defenses, coastal military sites, IRGC forces and missile/drone facilities; search continues for the missing service member as of Jul 19.
Washington Post— More U.S. troops have died amid Iran war than Pentagon has disclosed publicly (Sep 18 2026): 'as of Friday, DCAS lists 18 U.S. military fatalities' and 'more than 820' wounded. Six US officials say the real toll is higher -- five say at least 22, a sixth 23. Contested claim not displayed.

Air-campaign deaths inside Iran (NON-US; US + Israel combined)

At least 3,705 killed inside Iran as of 2026-09-02 — 3,684 documented by HRANA through July 17, plus 21 in later US strikes: 3 on Qeshm Island (July 30) and 18 from Aug 30–Sep 2, per Iran’s Health Ministry and UN-relayed Iranian media reports. A strict floor: April–June deaths, most of the late-July wave and those aboard two boats the US destroyed Sept 14 are uncounted. Pre-July deaths are combined US–Israel; other counts run 3,375–6,000+.

HRANA— Human Rights Activists in Iran (US-based monitor): 3,636 documented deaths in Iran as of Apr 7 2026 -- 1,701 civilians, 1,221 military, 714 unclassified. Cautions military deaths are likely undercounted. Counts the combined US-Israel campaign, not US-only.
RFE/RL (via GlobalSecurity)— Iran Says 18 People Killed In Latest US Strikes (Sep 3 2026): Health Ministry spokesman Hossein Kermanpour -- between 8:30 p.m. Aug 30 and 8:30 p.m. Sep 2, 18 killed and 142 injured, incl. two women and one child among the dead. A belligerent's official count.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— Press release, Sep 14 2026: a US airstrike hit a Kuhestak house during a wedding on Sep 1 (Iranian media: five killed, incl. two children and one woman); a reported US airstrike on Jul 30 destroyed a Qeshm home, reportedly killing a man, a woman and their two-year-old son.
CNN— Iran reports commercial vessel struck in Strait of Hormuz (Sep 13 2026): an Iranian cargo ship hit off Qeshm Island, 1 of 10 crew killed and 4 wounded per Iranian state media. Qeshm governor blamed a 'terrorist enemy'; the US did NOT claim the strike.
The Hill— Iranian cargo ship struck near Strait of Hormuz, killing 1 crew member (Sep 13 2026). UKMTO reported a projectile hit and a fire; authorities had not identified the projectile. No US claim of responsibility.
HRANA— HRANA Ten-Day Report on the New Wave of Attacks on Iran -- data window July 8-17 2026 ('documented by HRANA between July 8 and July 17'): at least 48 killed (20 civilians, 28 military) and 68+ injured (46 civilians, 22 military) in the US July strike wave, concentrated in the south along the Pe…
Al Jazeera (live)— Iran war live (Jul 30 2026): Tehran says the US will 'pay the price' for civilians killed in strikes on Qeshm Island; Iranian media report a couple and their 2-year-old child killed in the Chah Tangu area during the US 'heavy wave.'
TIME— US and Iran exchange most intense attacks in weeks (Sep 2 2026): CENTCOM's Sep 1-2 wave hit ~100 IRGC targets around Hormuz plus two Iranian govt tankers; Iranian authorities reported at least 18 killed inside Iran, incl. 5 at a Kuhestak (Sirik) wedding. Basis for the Sep 1-2 in-Iran deaths.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— UN Fact-Finding Mission report (Sep 17 2026): reasonable grounds to believe the US committed the war crime of indiscriminate attack; Minab primary school (Feb 28) at least 156 killed incl. ~120 children and 26 teachers. All cited incidents are inside the HRANA base period.
AP (via WPLG Local 10)— US military says it destroyed 2 small Iranian boats trying to steal a sea drone (Sep 15 2026). Iranian state media: two fishing boats attacked, several fishermen missing. No death count published by either side -- these deaths are uncounted in the floor.
UN News— UN fact-finding mission on Iran (Sep 17 2026): reasonable grounds to believe US strikes on the Minab elementary school (150+ killed, incl. about 120 children) and a Lamerd sports complex and residential area (22 civilians killed) were war crimes. Both fall inside the HRANA base period.
Al-Monitor— Iran war escalation raises concern over civilian death toll (Sep 3 2026): Iran's health minister said the Sep 1-2 US strikes killed 18 / wounded 108 inside Iran; the Red Crescent reported 5 killed (incl. a 4-year-old) at a Kuhestak/Sirik wedding. September currency, not added to the HRANA floor.
Al Jazeera— Iran, US exchange new attacks: who was hit in the latest strikes? (Sep 2 2026): breaks down the Sep 1-2 US strikes on ~100 IRGC targets and two tankers and Iran's answering attacks on shipping and US warships. Corroborates the Sep 1-2 exchange.
Iran Health Ministry (via Al Jazeera)— Iran Health Ministry counts, as carried by Al Jazeera's death-toll tracker: 3,468 killed (incl. 7 infants, 376 children, 496 women; 26,500+ injured) as of June 10 2026, attributed to the combined 'US-Israeli attacks since February 28'.
Iran Forensic Medicine Organization (via AP)— AP (Apr 12 2026): Abbas Masjedi, head of Iran's Forensic Medicine Organization, says 3,375 bodies from the war have completed identification/certification -- 2,875 men, 496 women; 262 children aged 12 and under (incl. 7 infants), 121 teens 13-18; only 4 unidentified.
Middle East Monitor— Iran says US strikes killed 53, wounded 592 since June 27 (Jul 22 2026, Health Ministry): among the dead are six women and three people under 18; figures still require verification. Corroborates and exceeds HRANA's documented July increment of 48.
TASS (Iran Health Ministry)— US strikes on Iran killed 55 people since June 27, Iran's Health Ministry says (late Jul 2026): a rising cumulative for the July US-strike phase; corroborating the July increment above HRANA's documented 48.
Iran Foundation of Martyrs (via IranWire)— IranWire: over 3,400 people killed during the 40-day war per Iran's Foundation of Martyrs (Martyr Foundation); the commonly cited confirmed figure is 3,468 (matching the Health Ministry). Earlier interim count 1,230 (IranWire, Mar 2026). Iranian-official corroborator; no civ/mil breakdown published.
Al Jazeera— Iran suggests MoU 'suspended' as 50 killed in US strikes in July (Jul 18 2026): Iran Health Ministry reports 50+ killed and 500+ injured in US strikes since Jul 6; infrastructure hit incl.
Al Jazeera— US strikes on southern Iran (Bushehr, Chabahar, Bandar Abbas, Jask, Sirik) over Jul 7-9 killed ~14 and wounded ~78 (incl. 3 at a Sirik fishing pier); resolves the Iranian death toll from the resumed US strikes.
CENTCOM— U.S. Forces Complete Another Round of Strikes Against Iran (Jul 11 2026): ~140 Iranian military targets hit (missile/drone sites, naval capabilities, ammunition storage, communications, coastal surveillance); CENTCOM cites 300+ targets over three nights this week.
The Soufan Center— IntelBrief (Apr 7 2026): cites HRANA that 1,600+ civilians in Iran killed since Epic Fury and Roaring Lion began Feb 28; frames casualties as arising from the joint US-Israel operations without a per-attacker breakdown.
MilitarySpend.org— Iran war casualty tracker aggregating named sources: HRANA 3,636 (civ/mil split), Foundation of Martyrs 3,468, Forensic Medicine Org 3,375, IDF 6,000+ IRGC. States it does not sum contested figures across sides and does not disaggregate US-caused from Israel-caused deaths.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— Oral statement by chair Sara Hossain to the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council, Sep 21 2026: restates the Mission's findings on the US-Israel campaign begun Feb 28 2026 and on state repression, drawing on 73 witness interviews. Publishes no new dated post-Sep-2 death count.
UN News— Sep 14 2026 round-up. Carries the OHCHR Iran figure (40 civilian casualties verified between Sep 1 and Monday Sep 14: 8 killed, 32 injured). Its Yemen material is DISPLACEMENT (80,000; 18,000 households), not casualties.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR), A/HRC/63/61— Report to the Human Rights Council, 63rd session (Sep 7 - Oct 9 2026). Relays, as of 7 April 2026, at least 2,362 civilians killed and 32,314 injured in the hostilities, and cites Iran's forensic-medicine head at 3,519 dead as of Aug 9 2026 — both different monitors from the HRANA base.
GlobalSecurity (daily Iran war update)— Iran War 2026 — Day 220 Update, Oct 5 2026: US military KIA 19 since Feb 28 with no new American death located; a 28th consecutive operational period with no coalition strike on Iranian territory ashore; no new aggregate Iranian casualty figure.
Seatrade Maritime— At least 12 of 19 crew injured when the Panama-flagged tanker On Peace was hit by an unidentified projectile in the Strait of Hormuz (Oct 6 2026); no deaths. Used to establish that the October violence at sea produced injuries, not a death count.
Al Jazeera— Oct 11 2026: strikes around Hormuz pick up while mediation stalls. IRGC says a supertanker hit a mine; UKMTO reports a projectile on an outbound tanker; UAE rescued 22 crew. Araghchi says Tehran is reviewing the US reply to its Seven-Day Plan; Rezaei calls it 'insufficient'.
International Maritime Organization— IMO 'Middle East - Highlighted (Confirmed) incidents': 113 confirmed incidents and 24 confirmed seafarer fatalities as at 14 October 2026. The list does NOT identify who carried out the attacks; the Secretary-General notes it is not only one country attacking merchant vessels.
RFE/RL— 'Attacks On Hormuz Shipping Hit Wartime High', Oct 13 2026: 106 IMO-confirmed incidents and 24 confirmed seafarer fatalities as of Oct 13; AFP counted 23 attacks on ships in the region since the start of October.
Seatrade Maritime News— Oct 14 2026: Singapore's Maritime and Port Authority confirmed the containership GFS Pride was damaged and caught fire after an attack on Oct 13 and subsequently sank; all 21 crew evacuated, no injuries. The IRGC Navy claimed a naval mine; MPA describes an unidentified projectile.
UN Geneva— 'Human Rights Council Concludes Sixty-Third Regular Session after Adopting 34 Resolutions, Two Decisions and One President's Statement': HRC 63 ran 7 September - 7 October 2026, shortened from its original 9 October end date. No new Iran casualty figure.
U.S. House of Representatives (Reps. Crow, Jacobs, Ansari)— Oct 8 2026 letter to SecDef Hegseth, joined by 74 members: the Sep 1 2026 strike on a wedding in Kuhestak killed three adults and two children (five dead) and injured about 70. Also cites Minab (a reported 175 civilians, 120 children) and Lamerd (21 civilians), both Feb 28.
U.S. House of Representatives (Rep. Jason Crow)— Press release for the Oct 8 2026 letter: cites a New York Times visual investigation finding a bomb released by US forces struck the Kuhestak wedding, and the Washington Post on a 'high likelihood' of US responsibility. The Pentagon says a review is under way and denies targeting civilians.
SAFETY4SEA— Carries an EARLIER and LOWER IMO checkpoint — 80 attacks, at least 22 seafarers killed — superseded by the IMO page's 113 incidents / 24 fatalities as at Oct 14 2026. Recorded to show the IMO series moving, and to keep the two checkpoints from being mistaken for competing monitors.

Daily-cost comparison (Iraq War average)

CRS RL33110— The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations — Iraq-only peak $143.9B in FY2008 (~$393M/day nominal, ~$610M/day in 2026 dollars via CPI-U)
CRS RS22926— Costs of Major U.S. Wars — cross-era totals; comparisons are appropriations-based and era definitions differ (Vietnam = DoD incremental cost; Iraq = enacted war appropriations)

Civilian deaths inside Iran (subset of air-campaign deaths)

HRANA— Human Rights Activists in Iran (US-based monitor): 3,636 documented deaths in Iran as of Apr 7 2026 -- 1,701 civilians, 1,221 military, 714 unclassified. Cautions military deaths are likely undercounted. Counts the combined US-Israel campaign, not US-only.
HRANA— HRANA Ten-Day Report on the New Wave of Attacks on Iran -- data window July 8-17 2026 ('documented by HRANA between July 8 and July 17'): at least 48 killed (20 civilians, 28 military) and 68+ injured (46 civilians, 22 military) in the US July strike wave, concentrated in the south along the Pe…
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— Press release, Sep 14 2026: a US airstrike hit a Kuhestak house during a wedding on Sep 1 (Iranian media: five killed, incl. two children and one woman); a reported US airstrike on Jul 30 destroyed a Qeshm home, reportedly killing a man, a woman and their two-year-old son.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— UN Fact-Finding Mission report (Sep 17 2026): reasonable grounds to believe the US committed the war crime of indiscriminate attack; Minab primary school (Feb 28) at least 156 killed incl. ~120 children and 26 teachers. All cited incidents are inside the HRANA base period.
UN News— UN fact-finding mission on Iran (Sep 17 2026): reasonable grounds to believe US strikes on the Minab elementary school (150+ killed, incl. about 120 children) and a Lamerd sports complex and residential area (22 civilians killed) were war crimes. Both fall inside the HRANA base period.
Iran Health Ministry (via Al Jazeera)— Iran Health Ministry counts, as carried by Al Jazeera's death-toll tracker: 3,468 killed (incl. 7 infants, 376 children, 496 women; 26,500+ injured) as of June 10 2026, attributed to the combined 'US-Israeli attacks since February 28'.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR)— Oral statement by chair Sara Hossain to the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council, Sep 21 2026: restates the Mission's findings on the US-Israel campaign begun Feb 28 2026 and on state repression, drawing on 73 witness interviews. Publishes no new dated post-Sep-2 death count.
UN News— Sep 14 2026 round-up. Carries the OHCHR Iran figure (40 civilian casualties verified between Sep 1 and Monday Sep 14: 8 killed, 32 injured). Its Yemen material is DISPLACEMENT (80,000; 18,000 households), not casualties.
UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (OHCHR), A/HRC/63/61— Report to the Human Rights Council, 63rd session (Sep 7 - Oct 9 2026). Relays, as of 7 April 2026, at least 2,362 civilians killed and 32,314 injured in the hostilities, and cites Iran's forensic-medicine head at 3,519 dead as of Aug 9 2026 — both different monitors from the HRANA base.
UN OCHA (Humanitarian Update No. 03)— Islamic Republic of Iran: Humanitarian Update No. 03 (16 April 2026; OCHA MENA, covering 4-16 April). As of 7 April, at least 2,362 civilians killed / 32,314+ injured, footnoted to WHO Situation Report #6 and the Ministry of Health for 28 Feb - 7 Apr 2026. Primary PDF also at iran.un.org.
UN Geneva— 'Human Rights Council Concludes Sixty-Third Regular Session after Adopting 34 Resolutions, Two Decisions and One President's Statement': HRC 63 ran 7 September - 7 October 2026, shortened from its original 9 October end date. No new Iran casualty figure.
U.S. House of Representatives (Reps. Crow, Jacobs, Ansari)— Oct 8 2026 letter to SecDef Hegseth, joined by 74 members: the Sep 1 2026 strike on a wedding in Kuhestak killed three adults and two children (five dead) and injured about 70. Also cites Minab (a reported 175 civilians, 120 children) and Lamerd (21 civilians), both Feb 28.
U.S. House of Representatives (Rep. Jason Crow)— Press release for the Oct 8 2026 letter: cites a New York Times visual investigation finding a bomb released by US forces struck the Kuhestak wedding, and the Washington Post on a 'high likelihood' of US responsibility. The Pentagon says a review is under way and denies targeting civilians.

US-Venezuela / Caribbean Operations — Operation Southern Spear

Data compiled as of October 19, 2026. Numbers change daily in active conflicts.

Cost to date

Brown University's Costs of War floor estimate of $4.7B through Mar 31 2026. Breakdown: naval $3.84B, aircraft $616M, SOF $15.9M, Absolute Resolve ancillary $207M, munitions $12.6M-$50.4M. Independently corroborated by Responsible Statecraft, The Intercept, and Truthout. Extrapolated at CSIS's ~$31M/day (estimate dated Jan 2026, combat/blockade posture) only through Jun 24 2026, when operations shifted to earthquake relief; not extrapolated beyond. Report is explicitly partial (Pentagon non-disclosure; a CIA operation referenced by Trump remains classified). Congress did not authorize use of force in the Caribbean/Eastern Pacific. CSIS's $31M/day rate is Jan 2026, pre-earthquake combat/blockade posture — extrapolation stops Jun 24 2026 when operations shifted to earthquake relief, so cumulative cost past that date is unpublished and likely understated here.

Brown University's Costs of War— Budgetary costs of US military operations in Venezuela, the Caribbean, and the Eastern Pacific (Homestead & Kavanagh, Apr 23 2026)
Brown University's Costs of War (PDF)— Primary report PDF
Responsible Statecraft— DoD spent $4.7 billion for Venezuela, Caribbean ops: Report
The Intercept— Trump Has Already Spent at Least $4.7 Billion Attacking Latin America (Apr 23 2026)
CSIS— Ongoing Military Operations Around Venezuela Cost $31 Million per Day (Jan 20 2026)

Daily run-rate cost

CSIS— Ongoing Military Operations Around Venezuela Cost $31 Million per Day (Jan 20 2026)

Unbudgeted daily cost

CSIS— Ongoing Military Operations Around Venezuela Cost $31 Million per Day (Jan 20 2026)

Vessel-strike deaths (NON-US)

NON-US: 238 killed in vessel strikes (as of 2026-10-04; At least 238 killed in 71 publicly acknowledged strikes, Sept 2 2025 through the Oct 4 2026 strike (re-verified Oct 19; none announced Sep 20 — Oct 3, none Oct 5 — Oct 19). NON-US people aboard targeted boats, reported mostly from Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador. SOUTHCOM's Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel in the Caribbean on Oct 4 2026, killing 4, raising the SOUTHCOM-announcement floor from 234 in 70 strikes (USNI News, Sep 21) to 238 in 71; UPI (Oct 5) calls it “the 71st publicly acknowledged strike” of a campaign “which has killed at least 238 people”. A competing AP/CBS tally runs 3 deaths behind this kept chain. CONTESTED — lawmakers, rights groups and the Colombian and Venezuelan governments dispute the intelligence, no evidence of narcotics or cartel affiliation has been published, and some of the dead are believed to have been civilians.). 75 killed in Jan 3 Maduro raid (US-government assessment of about 75 killed (one official said at least 67; another about 75-80) in the Jan 3 2026 Operation Absolute Resolve raid, per US officials cited by the Washington Post (Jan 6 2026). Named-official components: 32 Cuban personnel (Cuban government, honored Jan 15) plus Venezuelan security forces — initially 24 (Venezuelan AG Tarek William Saab, Jan 6) later revised upward by Venezuela's defense minister to ~47 troops killed / 83 total (Al Jazeera, Jan 17). Venezuela's interior minister Cabello separately claimed 100+. NON-US deaths. CONTESTED — ~75 is the US assessment; named-official floor is ~56 (24 Venezuelan + 32 Cuban) rising to ~79 (47 + 32); 100+ is the Venezuelan high claim. Re-verified 2026-10-12: all figures remain January-dated, no revised count published by any party.)

U.S. Southern Command (official X account)— SOUTHCOM, Oct 4 2026: 'On October 4 ... Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel operating along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean.' Confirmed intelligence showed narco-trafficking involvement; four killed; no US forces harmed.
DVIDS (U.S. Department of Defense)— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, October 4, 2026' — the official DoD video release of the Oct 4 2026 JTF-Western Hemisphere strike. Primary-source confirmation of the strike date alongside SOUTHCOM's own post.
UPI— U.S. kills four more in latest strike on alleged drug boat (Oct 5 2026): states outright that the Oct 4 strike is 'the 71st publicly acknowledged strike' of the campaign, 'which has killed at least 238 people' — an explicit named-outlet confirmation of BOTH the strike count and the total.
CNN (via KESQ)— A timeline of US strikes on boats that have killed at least 238 (Oct 4 2026): CNN's own analysis of official announcements and search-and-rescue efforts puts the campaign toll at at least 238 killed, independently matching 234 + the 4 killed Oct 4.
The Hill— US Southcom strike kills 4 on alleged Caribbean drug boat (Oct 4 2026): notes Colombian and Venezuelan pushback on the trafficking claims and that the administration has published no evidence of narcotics aboard or cartel affiliation.
NBC News— U.S. military says latest strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in the Caribbean kills 4 (Oct 4 2026). Second major named outlet on the Oct 4 strike.
U.S. Southern Command— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, September 19, 2026': under SOUTHCOM's direction, Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean. 4 killed. The primary announcement.
Just Security— Timeline of Boat Strikes and Related Actions: 'As of September 19, 2026: 70 strikes; 234 killed (including 23 missing/presumed dead) and 3 known survivors.' Independent match for the SOUTHCOM-announcement floor carried here.
Stars and Stripes— US forces strike suspected drug vessel in Caribbean Sea, killing 4 (Sep 20 2026). SOUTHCOM cited 'confirmed intelligence' of narco-trafficking involvement and did not disclose the strike's location.
USNI News— 3 Killed in Strike on Alleged Drug Boat (Sep 10 2026): JTF-WHEM struck a go-fast vessel in the Caribbean Sep 9, killing 3 -- the third strike since attacks resumed in August; the 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed since Sep 2 2025. Basis for the 227 -> 230 rise.
UPI— U.S. military says 4 'narco-terrorists' killed in strike in Caribbean (Sep 20 2026) — the JTF-WHEM strike on a go-fast vessel announced by SOUTHCOM for Sep 19.
CBS News— 4 killed in U.S. strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in Caribbean, Pentagon says (Sep 20 2026).
NBC News— U.S. military says it killed four in strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in the Caribbean (Sep 20 2026). Carries the AP running tally of 'at least 231 in 69 strikes' (AP had 227 in 68 on Sep 2), one strike and 3 deaths behind the SOUTHCOM-announcement chain.
U.S. Southern Command— Lethal Kinetic Strike, September 9, 2026: Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel on established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean, killing three. The latest such release as of Sep 18 2026 -- the announcement chain the vessel-strike floor advances on.
Stars and Stripes— US strikes alleged drug boat in Caribbean Sea, killing 3 (Sep 10 2026): the Sep 9 SOUTHCOM/JTF-WHEM strike on a go-fast vessel; 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed; at least some of those killed believed to have been civilians. Corroborates the 230-in-69 toll.
UPI— US kills 3 in strike on suspected Caribbean drug-smuggling boat (Sep 10 2026): SOUTHCOM/JTF-WHEM struck a boat Sep 9 along established narco-trafficking routes; the 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed. Corroborates the Sep 9 strike.
Stars and Stripes— UN experts demand accountability 1 year into US military drug-boat strikes (Sep 2 2026). Context for the contested-legality framing of the vessel-strike toll.
Fox News— US kills 4 on a boat in the Caribbean, total 227 in 68 strikes (Aug 26 2026): 'the second strike in days after a two-month pause'; at least 227 killed in 68 acknowledged strikes since Sep 2 2025, now coordinated by the new Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere. Basis for the 215 -> 227 rise.
The Intercept— The U.S. Has Killed 227 Civilians in Boat Strikes During 'A Year of Murders' (Sep 2 2026): at least 227 killed in ~65-68 strikes over a year of Operation Southern Spear boat strikes; victims reported mostly from Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador. Independent corroboration of the 227 toll.
U.S. Southern Command— SOUTHCOM press-release index, checked 2026-10-01: the newest 'Lethal Kinetic Strike' release remains September 19, 2026. No strike announced Sep 20 - Oct 1.
USNI News— 4 Killed in U.S. Strike on Alleged Drug Boat in Caribbean (Oct 5 2026): reports the Oct 4 strike on a go-fast vessel as the first in 15 days and the fourth consecutive one in the Caribbean, after a year in which most strikes were in the Eastern Pacific.
Stars and Stripes— Latest US strike on alleged drug boat kills 4 (Oct 5 2026) — independent confirmation of the Oct 4 strike in the owner-directed every-run Stars and Stripes check.
CBS News— Another U.S. strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat kills 4 (Oct 5 2026): corroborates the Oct 4 strike and records the COMPETING AP chain at 'at least 235 in 70 strikes' alongside USNI's 238 — the competing tally, not the displayed floor.
Al Jazeera— Latest US military strike on alleged drug boat kills four in Caribbean (Oct 5 2026): also carries the AP-chain total of 'at least 235' in 70 strikes; recorded as the competing count.
Stars and Stripes— Stars and Stripes Americas theater index, swept Oct 12 2026: no boat-strike report later than the Oct 4 2026 Caribbean strike. Used as negative evidence that the vessel-strike floor holds rather than advances.
U.S. Southern Command (press release)— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, October 4, 2026': Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel on established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean, killing four. Still the NEWEST item in SOUTHCOM's press-release index as re-checked Oct 19 2026.
Air & Space Forces Magazine— Oct 8 2026, on the growing MQ-9 presence in Latin America, with a LOWER running tally — at least 71 lethal kinetic strikes since Sep 2025 killing at least 215, with 17 more missing or presumed dead. A different monitor from the SOUTHCOM announcement chain; recorded, not adopted.

Maduro raid deaths (NON-US, Jan 3 2026)

Washington Post— Maduro raid killed about 75 in Venezuela, U.S. officials assess (Jan 6 2026)
Military.com (AP)— At Least 24 Venezuelan Security Officers Killed (Jan 6 2026); names AG Saab plus 32 Cuban personnel
Al Jazeera— Nearly 50 Venezuelan soldiers killed in US operation to seize Maduro (Jan 17 2026): Venezuela's defense minister revised the toll to ~47 troops killed / 83 total.
CNBC— Venezuela says 100 killed in the US operation that captured Maduro (Jan 7 2026); source for the Venezuelan 100+ claim and 7 US injured
Spokesman-Review— Syndication of the Washington Post ~75 assessment (non-paywalled)

Naval presence

USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Oct 13 2026: no carrier or ARG in the Caribbean or 4th Fleet. USS George H.W. Bush (CVN-77) departed Phuket and is in the ARABIAN SEA with USS George Washington (CVN-73), CVW-5 and USS Shoup; Boxer ARG also in the Arabian Sea.
The War Zone— Oct 17 2026: the two-carrier MIDDLE EAST presence is restored — the George H.W. Bush CSG is in the US 5th Fleet area again alongside the George Washington CSG, per DVIDS imagery. Still no carrier anywhere in the Caribbean.
USNI News— Oct 16 2026: USS Theodore Roosevelt with USS Chosin and USS Decatur docked at Yokosuka for exercise Keen Sword — the first non-forward-deployed carrier at CFAY since 2022. Not bound for the Caribbean.
Stars and Stripes— Oct 15 2026: the Roosevelt's rare Yokosuka visit ahead of Keen Sword, dated Oct 19-29 2026 by a Navy release. Second named outlet placing the Roosevelt in Japan.
USNI News— Oct 8 2026: the Abraham Lincoln CSG returns to San Diego after 321 days. Carrier-force context for why no hull is available for this theater.
U.S. Navy— 'George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group Departs Thailand' (departure Oct 9 2026): after the Phuket port call CSG 10 is conducting routine operations in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations — the Pacific, not CENTCOM and not the Caribbean.
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command— INDOPACOM's own release on the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group departing Thailand, Oct 9 2026. Corroborates navy.mil, C7F and DVIDS.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Oct 5 2026 — the most recent edition: only USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup is in the Arabian Sea for the Iran war; USS George H.W. Bush is in Phuket, Thailand; Theodore Roosevelt is westbound across the Pacific. No carrier in the Caribbean.
USNI News— Carrier USS George H.W. Bush Makes Port Call in Thailand (Oct 5 2026): the carrier arrived in Phuket after months on station in CENTCOM — it has left the Iran theater, moving east into 7th Fleet, not toward the Caribbean.
Task & Purpose— USS George H.W. Bush stops in Thailand after leaving the Middle East (Oct 2026): the carrier quietly left the CENTCOM area of operations, leaving the USS George Washington as the only carrier in the Middle East.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 28 2026 (most recent published): USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both in the Arabian Sea for operations against Iran. No carrier in the Caribbean.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 21 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both in the Arabian Sea in support of US operations against Iran. No carrier in the Caribbean.
SOUTHCOM (via GlobalSecurity)— USS San Antonio (LPD-17) arrived pierside at La Guaira July 9 2026 and relieved USS Fort Lauderdale as the primary afloat coordination hub for the State Dept-led relief mission, beginning a 'sustained recovery phase'; SOUTHCOM stresses the presence is temporary.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sept. 14 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group are both in the Arabian Sea supporting Middle East operations. Confirms no carrier is on station in the Caribbean.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker July 7 2026: no carrier in the Caribbean; USS Nimitz at Mayport, FL (FLEETEX before a planned transit to New York for America 250); only USS Fort Lauderdale + USS Billings remain in-theater on earthquake relief. Confirms 'no carrier on station.'
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker June 29 2026: USS Nimitz (CVN-68) arrived Mayport, FL having concluded Southern Seas 2026; Iwo Jima ARG + 22nd MEU returned from deployment; only USS Fort Lauderdale + USS Billings remain in the Caribbean. Resolves 'no carrier on station.'
USNI News— USS Nimitz: An Aircraft Carrier's Final Journey (July 3 2026): Nimitz transiting home on its final pre-decommissioning voyage via the International Naval Review, confirming it has left the Caribbean.
USNI News— Amphibs USS Fort Lauderdale + USS Billings headed to Venezuela for relief (Jun 26 2026)
Navy Times— USS Nimitz arrives in Caribbean; SOUTHCOM announced it operating in the Caribbean Sea May 21 2026
USNI News— USS Gerald R. Ford now in the Mediterranean Sea (Feb 20 2026); confirms Ford left the Caribbean
The Aviationist— Gerald R. Ford Ordered to the Middle East (Feb 14 2026); crew informed Feb 12 2026
USNI News— Sep 28 2026: USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) deployed from San Diego on Sunday and is expected to move to CENTCOM to relieve USS George Washington -- i.e. toward the Iran theater, NOT the Caribbean.
The Hill— US aircraft carrier deploys to Middle East to relieve USS George Washington (Oct 2026): the Theodore Roosevelt strike group is expected to arrive in the CENTCOM region by the end of November — bound for the Iran theater, NOT the Caribbean.
The National— US sends third aircraft carrier to Middle East (Oct 1 2026): the rotation keeps two carrier strike groups available in CENTCOM and sustains air operations against Iran from the Arabian Sea — away from this theater.
CNN— Exclusive: US military moving drones to South America ahead of anticipated counternarcotics operations (Sep 18 2026): 'most' of AFRICOM's MQ-9 Reapers are expected to shift to SOUTHCOM, per six sources; Ecuador and Colombia are the main focus and both agreed to joint operations with the US.
Reuters (via WHBL)— US carrier George H.W. Bush visits Thailand after Middle East deployment: arrived off Phuket with about 4,800 personnel for rest and recreation alongside the destroyer USS Delbert D. Black, after deploying to the Middle East in late March 2026.
USNI News— Makin Island Amphibious Ready Group Deploys from San Diego (Sep 29 2026): USS Makin Island (LHD-8) with USS Anchorage and USS John P. Murtha sailed on a scheduled deployment; no Caribbean tasking announced.
Washington Post— Pentagon prepares for potential surge of naval forces in Middle East (Oct 1 2026): planning for thousands more sailors and possibly three carriers in the region — CENTCOM, not this theater.

Oil blockade / tankers seized

Al Jazeera— US seizes Venezuela-linked oil tanker Aquila II in the Indian Ocean (Feb 9 2026), the eighth seizure; Panama-flagged, ~700,000 bbl bound for China, boarded after a pursuit from the Caribbean.
PBS NewsHour— US military boards sanctioned oil tanker (Aquila II) after pursuit from Caribbean to Indian Ocean (Feb 2026); named-source confirmation of the eighth seizure.
Al Jazeera— US forces seize a seventh Venezuela-linked oil tanker, Sagitta (Jan 21 2026)
NPR— U.S. forces stop a 2nd merchant vessel off Venezuela coast, officials say (Dec 20 2025)
Al Jazeera— US seizes fifth oil tanker (Jan 9 2026)
PBS NewsHour— U.S. seizes sixth sanctioned tanker tied to Venezuela (Jan 15 2026)
U.S. Central Command— CENTCOM Maintains Strict Enforcement of U.S. Blockade Against Iran (Oct 5 2026): 130 commercial vessels redirected, three disabled, 13 destroyed over 12 weeks. Cited here ONLY as the cross-reference that the separate IRAN blockade is the active one — not this theater's Venezuela quarantine.
Al Jazeera— Oct 11 2026, citing CENTCOM: in three months since the Jul 14 resumption of the IRAN blockade, US forces have disabled four commercial vessels and turned around 135. Cross-reference only — this is the Iran theater, not Venezuela.

Economic impact of blockade

Fortune— US naval blockade of Venezuela has cost $700M, rising $9M daily (Jan 8 2026, citing CNAS; Ford-specific, now stale)

Conflict status & latest events

U.S. Southern Command (official X account)— SOUTHCOM, Oct 4 2026: 'On October 4 ... Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel operating along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean.' Confirmed intelligence showed narco-trafficking involvement; four killed; no US forces harmed.
DVIDS (U.S. Department of Defense)— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, October 4, 2026' — the official DoD video release of the Oct 4 2026 JTF-Western Hemisphere strike. Primary-source confirmation of the strike date alongside SOUTHCOM's own post.
USNI News— 4 Killed in U.S. Strike on Alleged Drug Boat in Caribbean (Oct 5 2026): reports the Oct 4 strike on a go-fast vessel as the first in 15 days and the fourth consecutive one in the Caribbean, after a year in which most strikes were in the Eastern Pacific.
CNN (via KESQ)— A timeline of US strikes on boats that have killed at least 238 (Oct 4 2026): CNN's own analysis of official announcements and search-and-rescue efforts puts the campaign toll at at least 238 killed, independently matching 234 + the 4 killed Oct 4.
The Hill— US Southcom strike kills 4 on alleged Caribbean drug boat (Oct 4 2026): notes Colombian and Venezuelan pushback on the trafficking claims and that the administration has published no evidence of narcotics aboard or cartel affiliation.
NBC News— U.S. military says latest strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in the Caribbean kills 4 (Oct 4 2026). Second major named outlet on the Oct 4 strike.
U.S. Southern Command— SOUTHCOM press-release index, checked 2026-10-01: the newest 'Lethal Kinetic Strike' release remains September 19, 2026. No strike announced Sep 20 - Oct 1.
U.S. Southern Command— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, September 19, 2026': under SOUTHCOM's direction, Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean. 4 killed. The primary announcement.
Stars and Stripes— US forces strike suspected drug vessel in Caribbean Sea, killing 4 (Sep 20 2026). SOUTHCOM cited 'confirmed intelligence' of narco-trafficking involvement and did not disclose the strike's location.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 21 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both in the Arabian Sea in support of US operations against Iran. No carrier in the Caribbean.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sept. 14 2026: USS George Washington (CVN-73) and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group are both in the Arabian Sea supporting Middle East operations. Confirms no carrier is on station in the Caribbean.
UPI— U.S. military says 4 'narco-terrorists' killed in strike in Caribbean (Sep 20 2026) — the JTF-WHEM strike on a go-fast vessel announced by SOUTHCOM for Sep 19.
CBS News— 4 killed in U.S. strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in Caribbean, Pentagon says (Sep 20 2026).
NBC News— U.S. military says it killed four in strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in the Caribbean (Sep 20 2026). Carries the AP running tally of 'at least 231 in 69 strikes' (AP had 227 in 68 on Sep 2), one strike and 3 deaths behind the SOUTHCOM-announcement chain.
U.S. Southern Command— Lethal Kinetic Strike, September 9, 2026: Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel on established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean, killing three. The latest such release as of Sep 18 2026 -- the announcement chain the vessel-strike floor advances on.
USNI News— 3 Killed in Strike on Alleged Drug Boat (Sep 10 2026): JTF-WHEM struck a go-fast vessel in the Caribbean Sep 9, killing 3 -- the third strike since attacks resumed in August; the 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed since Sep 2 2025. Basis for the 227 -> 230 rise.
Stars and Stripes— US strikes alleged drug boat in Caribbean Sea, killing 3 (Sep 10 2026): the Sep 9 SOUTHCOM/JTF-WHEM strike on a go-fast vessel; 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed; at least some of those killed believed to have been civilians. Corroborates the 230-in-69 toll.
UPI— US kills 3 in strike on suspected Caribbean drug-smuggling boat (Sep 10 2026): SOUTHCOM/JTF-WHEM struck a boat Sep 9 along established narco-trafficking routes; the 69th acknowledged strike, at least 230 killed. Corroborates the Sep 9 strike.
Fox News— US kills 4 on a boat in the Caribbean, total 227 in 68 strikes (Aug 26 2026): 'the second strike in days after a two-month pause'; at least 227 killed in 68 acknowledged strikes since Sep 2 2025, now coordinated by the new Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere. Basis for the 215 -> 227 rise.
The Intercept— The U.S. Has Killed 227 Civilians in Boat Strikes During 'A Year of Murders' (Sep 2 2026): at least 227 killed in ~65-68 strikes over a year of Operation Southern Spear boat strikes; victims reported mostly from Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador. Independent corroboration of the 227 toll.
SOUTHCOM (via GlobalSecurity)— USS San Antonio (LPD-17) arrived pierside at La Guaira July 9 2026 and relieved USS Fort Lauderdale as the primary afloat coordination hub for the State Dept-led relief mission, beginning a 'sustained recovery phase'; SOUTHCOM stresses the presence is temporary.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker July 7 2026: no carrier in the Caribbean; USS Nimitz at Mayport, FL (FLEETEX before a planned transit to New York for America 250); only USS Fort Lauderdale + USS Billings remain in-theater on earthquake relief. Confirms 'no carrier on station.'
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet & Marine Tracker June 29 2026: USS Nimitz (CVN-68) arrived Mayport, FL having concluded Southern Seas 2026; Iwo Jima ARG + 22nd MEU returned from deployment; only USS Fort Lauderdale + USS Billings remain in the Caribbean. Resolves 'no carrier on station.'
France 24— Venezuela's La Guaira port reopened June 30 2026 to receive earthquake aid, US military delivering relief. Latest event; documents the humanitarian-relief posture.
U.S. State Department— Update on US assistance to Venezuela (June 2026): US earthquake aid raised to $300M+; military relief in cooperation with Venezuelan authorities.
USNI News— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Sep 28 2026 (most recent published): USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup, and the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, are both in the Arabian Sea for operations against Iran. No carrier in the Caribbean.
CNN— Exclusive: US military moving drones to South America ahead of anticipated counternarcotics operations (Sep 18 2026): 'most' of AFRICOM's MQ-9 Reapers are expected to shift to SOUTHCOM, per six sources; Ecuador and Colombia are the main focus and both agreed to joint operations with the US.
Task & Purpose— US shifts Reaper drones from Africa to Latin America: corroborates the AFRICOM-to-SOUTHCOM MQ-9 move ahead of expanded counternarcotics and counterterrorism operations in the region.
The Hill— US aircraft carrier deploys to Middle East to relieve USS George Washington (Oct 2026): the Theodore Roosevelt strike group is expected to arrive in the CENTCOM region by the end of November — bound for the Iran theater, NOT the Caribbean.
The National— US sends third aircraft carrier to Middle East (Oct 1 2026): the rotation keeps two carrier strike groups available in CENTCOM and sustains air operations against Iran from the Arabian Sea — away from this theater.
Stars and Stripes— Latest US strike on alleged drug boat kills 4 (Oct 5 2026) — independent confirmation of the Oct 4 strike in the owner-directed every-run Stars and Stripes check.
CBS News— Another U.S. strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat kills 4 (Oct 5 2026): corroborates the Oct 4 strike and records the COMPETING AP chain at 'at least 235 in 70 strikes' alongside USNI's 238 — the competing tally, not the displayed floor.
Al Jazeera— Latest US military strike on alleged drug boat kills four in Caribbean (Oct 5 2026): also carries the AP-chain total of 'at least 235' in 70 strikes; recorded as the competing count.
USNI News (Fleet & Marine Tracker)— Fleet and Marine Tracker, Oct 5 2026 — the most recent edition: only USS George Washington (CVN-73) with CVW-5 and USS Shoup is in the Arabian Sea for the Iran war; USS George H.W. Bush is in Phuket, Thailand; Theodore Roosevelt is westbound across the Pacific. No carrier in the Caribbean.
Stars and Stripes— Stars and Stripes Americas theater index, swept Oct 12 2026: no boat-strike report later than the Oct 4 2026 Caribbean strike. Used as negative evidence that the vessel-strike floor holds rather than advances.
U.S. Southern Command (press release)— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, October 4, 2026': Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel on established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean, killing four. Still the NEWEST item in SOUTHCOM's press-release index as re-checked Oct 19 2026.
Air & Space Forces Magazine— Oct 8 2026, on the growing MQ-9 presence in Latin America, with a LOWER running tally — at least 71 lethal kinetic strikes since Sep 2025 killing at least 215, with 17 more missing or presumed dead. A different monitor from the SOUTHCOM announcement chain; recorded, not adopted.

US combat deaths

Zero US combat deaths in-theater (re-verified 2026-10-19; none from the Oct 4, Sep 19 or Sep 9 strikes, and no strike announced Oct 5–19). One non-combat death: LCpl Chukwuemeka E. Oforah fell overboard from USS Iwo Jima on Feb 7 2026. 7 US troops injured in the Jan 3 Maduro raid (0 killed).

ABC News— Marine LCpl Chukwuemeka E. Oforah died Feb 7 2026 after going overboard from USS Iwo Jima -- the sole US fatality (non-combat).
U.S. Southern Command (official X account)— SOUTHCOM, Oct 4 2026: 'On October 4 ... Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel operating along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean.' Confirmed intelligence showed narco-trafficking involvement; four killed; no US forces harmed.
U.S. Southern Command— SOUTHCOM press-release index, checked 2026-10-01: the newest 'Lethal Kinetic Strike' release remains September 19, 2026. No strike announced Sep 20 - Oct 1.
U.S. Southern Command— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, September 19, 2026': under SOUTHCOM's direction, Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere executed a lethal, kinetic strike on a go-fast vessel along established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean. 4 killed. The primary announcement.
CNBC— Venezuela says 100 killed in the US operation that captured Maduro (Jan 7 2026); source for the Venezuelan 100+ claim and 7 US injured
USNI News— 4 Killed in U.S. Strike on Alleged Drug Boat in Caribbean (Oct 5 2026): reports the Oct 4 strike on a go-fast vessel as the first in 15 days and the fourth consecutive one in the Caribbean, after a year in which most strikes were in the Eastern Pacific.
Stars and Stripes— Stars and Stripes Americas theater index, swept Oct 12 2026: no boat-strike report later than the Oct 4 2026 Caribbean strike. Used as negative evidence that the vessel-strike floor holds rather than advances.
Just Security— Timeline of Boat Strikes and Related Actions: 'As of September 19, 2026: 70 strikes; 234 killed (including 23 missing/presumed dead) and 3 known survivors.' Independent match for the SOUTHCOM-announcement floor carried here.
U.S. Southern Command (press release)— 'Lethal Kinetic Strike, October 4, 2026': Joint Task Force Western Hemisphere struck a go-fast vessel on established narco-trafficking routes in the Caribbean, killing four. Still the NEWEST item in SOUTHCOM's press-release index as re-checked Oct 19 2026.

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